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264
 
GLOSSARY
 
He may be referring to the more common nidarśană I. The examples
also suggest that vidarśanā is similar to utprekṣā, but the figurativeness
of the ascription is literally pointed out.
 
vinokti
 
vinôkti, 'speech including the word "without": (1) a figure in which two
things are presented as excluding one another. (2) M 171. (3)
arucir niśayā vinā šaśī šaśinā sāpi vinâ mahattamaḥ । ubhayena vinā
manobhavasphuritam naîva cakāsti kāminoḥ (Mammața: "The moon
without the night has no brilliance; the moonless night is fearful
and dark; without both, no thought of love comes to the minds of
lovers"). (4) "Through want of [passion] she had sung without being
merry, possessed without enjoying, outshone without triumphing"
(Thomas Hardy). (5) Vinôkti is an obvious inversion of sahokti
("speech including the word 'with"").
 
vibhāvanā
 
vibhāvanā, *manifesting': (1) a figure in which an effect is realized in the
absence of its normal or conventional cause, thus implying another,
unusual cause. (2) B 2.77 (78), D 2.199-204, V 4.3.13, U 2.9, AP
344.27, R 9.16 (21), M 162. (3) apītamattāḥ śikhino dišo"nutkaṇṭhi-
tâkulāḥ nipo'viliptasurabhir abhraştakaluşam jalam (Bhāmaha; a
description of the rainy season: "The peacocks are drunk without
having imbibed, the skies are confused without being in love, the
nipa tree is sweet smelling without being anointed, the water is
corrupt without having sinned"). (4) "O world invisible, we view
thee, / O world intangible, we touch thee, / O world unknowable, we
know thee, / Inapprehensible, we clutch thee!" (Francis Thompson;
presumably a description of religious man). (5) Outwardly, this
figure resembles a simple virodha (contradiction); its peculiarity
reposes in the fact that the two terms contradicted are cause and
effect, not any two coexistent properties. According to Dandin
and the Agni Purāṇa, vibhāvanā is of two sorts, depending on whether
another (less common) cause is implied (kāraṇântaram), or whether
the nature of the thing itself provides the explanation (svābhāvika).
Rudrata, finally, divides the former into vibhāvanā of the subject
(abhidheya) and vibhāvanā of an aspect of the subject (vikāra).
kāraņântaram, another condition': (1) a type of vibhāvanā in which a less
usual cause is to be inferred as explanation of the seeming contradic-
tion. (2) D 2.199 (200), AP 344.28, R 9.16 (17). (3) apitakṣībakā-