Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric /221

cally represented here. Therefore, we can say that Vyatirekaḥ: Dissimilitude
 
cally represented here is based
on the idea of non-resemblance of two similar objects and the idea
is brought through some special contrasting feature expressed in a
very charming way. Therefore
 
Here the poet gives prominence to the object of descripiton--
(i) either by declaring its superiority, we can say that Vyatireka is based
on the idea of non
(ii)or by declaring the inferiority of the standard of com-resemblance of two similar objects and the idea
is brought through some special contrasting feature expressed in a
very charming way.
 
Here the poet gives prominence to the object of descripiton

parison,
(iii) either by declaring its superiorityor by both the features,
 
(ii)
 
(iii) or by both the features,
 

(iv) or by suggesting any of the two.
 
or by declaring the inferiority of the standard of com
 
Vyatireka expresses not only contrast between the two but signi-
parison
fies some sort of similitude also,
 
165
 
Vyatireka expresses not only contrast between the two but signi-
fies some sort of similitude also, which is always implied. Now the

question remains whether the contrast is highlighted through the

idea of excellence of one or degradation of the other. Experts giv-

ing opinion in this respect may be divided in two groups : Vamana
finds here the superiority of the upameya and he is supported by
āmana
finds here the superiority of the upameya and he is supported by
Mammațṭa and others who characterise it as excess of the upameya,

while others like Udbhaṭa, Jagannaātha, Appayya maintain the pre-

dominance of any of the two. Still there are others who try to estab-

lish here either superiority or inferiority of either the subject of

comparison or the standard of comparison.
 

 
Numerous varieties of this figure may be as follows:
 

(a) two main varieties based on equal or unequal qualities,

(b) four varieties --based on particular word/words,

sense, expressed by words denoting similitude (like

iva) and based on paronomasia.
 
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eg 1. akalamṃkamṃ mukham tasyaṃ tasyā na kalamṃkiī vidhur yathā.

अकलंकं मुखं तस्या न कलंकी विधुर्यथा ।
 

Spotless shines her face
 

Unlike the moon with black spot for disgrace.

 
2. kṣiīṇaḥ kṣino 'īṇoʼpi śasi bhuyośī bhūyo bhūyo vivardhate satyam.

virama prasīda sundari yauvanam anivarti yātamṃ tu.

क्षीणः क्षीणोऽपि शशी भूयो भूयो विवर्धते सत्यम् ।

विरम प्रसीद सुन्दरि यौवनमनिवर्ति यातं तु ॥
 
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN