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Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric / 221 Image 221 of 262 (Page 165)

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cally represented here. Therefore, we can say that Vyatireka is based
on the idea of non-resemblance of two similar objects and the idea
is brought through some special contrasting feature expressed in a
very charming way.

Here the poet gives prominence to the object of descripiton--
(i) either by declaring its superiority,
(ii)or by declaring the inferiority of the standard of com-
parison,
(iii) or by both the features,
(iv) or by suggesting any of the two.

Vyatireka expresses not only contrast between the two but signi-
fies some sort of similitude also, which is always implied. Now the
question remains whether the contrast is highlighted through the
idea of excellence of one or degradation of the other. Experts giv-
ing opinion in this respect may be divided in two groups : Vāmana
finds here the superiority of the upameya and he is supported by
Mammaṭa and others who characterise it as excess of the upameya,
while others like Udbhaṭa, Jagannātha, Appayya maintain the pre-
dominance of any of the two. Still there are others who try to estab-
lish here either superiority or inferiority of either the subject of
comparison or the standard of comparison.

Numerous varieties of this figure may be as follows:
(a) two main varieties based on equal or unequal qualities,
(b) four varieties--based on particular word/words,
sense, expressed by words denoting similitude (like
iva) and based on paronomasia.
eg 1. akalaṃkaṃ mukhaṃ tasyā na kalaṃkī vidhur yathā.
अकलंकं मुखं तस्या न कलंकी विधुर्यथा ।
Spotless shines her face
Unlike the moon with black spot for disgrace.

2. kṣīṇaḥ kṣīṇoʼpi śaśī bhūyo bhūyo vivardhate satyam.
virama prasīda sundari yauvanam anivarti yātaṃ tu.
क्षीणः क्षीणोऽपि शशी भूयो भूयो विवर्धते सत्यम् ।
विरम प्रसीद सुन्दरि यौवनमनिवर्ति यातं तु ॥

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