Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric /220

164
 
A Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric
 
रात्रिर्गमिष्यति भविष्यति सुप्रभातम्

भास्वानुदेष्यति हसिष्यति पंकजश्रीः ।
Frei fafanufa anteria faz
 

इत्थं विचिन्तयति कोशगते द्विरेफे
हा हन्त हन्त नलिनीं गज उज्जहारः ॥
 

Night will pass away, dawn will file,
 

The sun will rise, beauty of the lotuses will smile -
 
-
The suninking thus the bee will riseaited inside the lotus
While the elephant ate it up, beauty of the lotuses will smile -
Thinking thus the bee waited inside the lotus
While the elephant ate it up, Oh alas!
 

 
Definitions
 

 
इष्यमाणविरुद्धार्थसम्प्राप्तिस्तु विषादनम् । च. ५४८

इष्यमाणविरुद्धार्थप्राप्तिस्तु विषादनम् । कु. ६८.१३२

अभीष्टार्थविरुद्धलाभो विषादनम् । र. २
 
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<headword>व्यतिरेक</headword>
 
व्यतिरेकः Vyatirekaḥ : VyatirekaḥDissimilitude : Dissimilitude :
 

 
The word vyatireka (vi ati f√ric a < ghañ) denotes contrast, difference

or distinction. As a figure of speech Vyatireka brings the idea of con-

trast or dissimilitude of similar objects compared to each other in

some respect. Here the contrast lies in the fact that the object of

comparison (ie upameya) is represented as superior or inferior to

the standard of comparison (ie upamāna).
 

 
The cause of such excellence or defeiciency of the subject in

hand may be explicitly stated by words of comparison (like iva,

yathā) or expressed by sense through words of similitude. (like

tulya, samāna, samṃkāśa)
 

 
Here the superiority of one or inferiority of the other may be

clearly expressed or suggested through the application of one qual-

ity or qualities or by some opposite quality or qualities. In such fig-

urative statement, excellence or defeciency is not factual but
iciency is not factual but
purely based on poetic fancy.
 
Digitized by
 

 
According to Daṇḍin, plain contrast or dissimilitude between

two objects is the basic concept of this alamṃkāra. Bhāmaha called it

viseșśeṣa-nidarśana or exhibition of some special distincittion. Bhoja also says

that some sort of difference between two similar objects is poeti-
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN