Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric /208

152
 
cause is the immediate antecedent of its effect and, therefore, an
effect cannot arise without its proper cause. But in case of poetic
statement, even in the absence of the real cause, its effect may be
seen due to poet's imagination. Practically speaking the poet is
very much conscious of the matter-of-fact relation of cause and
effect, but his imaginative faculty inspires him to express an
extraordinary idea through such device by which he tries to
emphasise some particular idea in this uncommon way which we
try to explain through a special rhetorical analysis.
 
A Handbooccording to Bhāmaha and Ruyyak of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric
 
cause is the immediate antecedent of its effect anda, therefore, an
effect cannot arise without its proper cause. But in case of poetic
statement, even in the absence of the real cause, its effect may be
seen due to poet's imagination. Practically speaking the poet is
very much conscious of the matter-of-fact relation of cause and
effect, but his imaginative faculty inspires him to express an
extraordinary idea through such device by which he tries to
emphasise some particular idea in this uncommon way which we
try to explain through a special rhetorical analysis.
 
According to Bhāmaha and Ruyyaka, in the process of
in the process of
Vibhāvanā, the result of the effect is perceived after the prohibition

of the effect. Bhoja thinks that the usual cause is denied here but

another uncommon or insignificant cause may be represented.

Here the name Vibhāvanā is very significant since the effect even

without its particular cause, is seen to be appearing. But in process

of such causation though based on contrast, we find some unusual

cause (due to the absence of the real cause); therefore, it is not

actual contrast (virodha). Ruyyaka observes that such figurative

speech is generally based on some hyperbolic statement.
 

 
Two main varieties of Vibhāvāna have been recognised:
 

(i) one based on natural cause and
 

(ii) the other based on uncommon cause.
 

 
eg 1. anāyāsa-kṛśamṃ madhyam/ aśanṅka-tarale dṛśau.

abhūṣaṇa-manohaāri / vapur vayasi subhruvaḥ
 
.
अनायासकृशं मध्यमशङ्कतरले दृशौ ।

अभूषण-मनोहारि वपुर्वयसि सुध्भ्रुवः ॥
 

Her waist is thin without any labour,
 

Eyes fickle without any cause of fear,

And her frame attractive without decoration,

In tender age shines the fair-eyed maiden.
 

2. anadhyayana-vidvāmṃso / nirdravya-parameśvarāḥ.
analam
analaṃkāra-subhagāḥ /pantu yuşmän pāntu yuṣmāñ jineśvarāḥ.

अनध्ययन - विद्वांसो / निर्द्रव्य-परमेश्वराः ।

अनलंकारसुभगाः / पान्तु युष्माञ् जिनेश्वराः ॥
 
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN