Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric /200

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A Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric
 
(ii) the second one may be either nirvyūḍhā (accomplished)

or anirvyūḍhā (plain),
 

(iii) the third one may be either svāvbhāvika (natural) or naimit-

tika (casual),
 

(iv) the fourth one may be either mukhya (primary) or gauņa
ṇa
(secondary).
 

 
All of these may again have two varieties- abhidhi- abhidhīyamāna (exp-
res
ressively stated) or pratīyamāna (implied or suggested).
 

 
Bhoja has recognised another class of this figure named as

Citrokti (Fascinating Statement). Various artistic as well as logical

devices, common tricks or popular idioms recognised as separate
alam
alaṃkāras by Bhoja should be treated under the perview of

Vākovākya. But Mammațṭa remarks that all such figures should be

included in Vyäājokti.
 

 
Numerous examples of Vākovākya are given below:
 
egl
 
eg1.. bhāva-sthirāṇi jananāntara-sauhṛdāni.
 

भावस्थिराणि जननान्तर - सौहृदानि ।
 

All sweet companionships of our previous births are

imprinted in our souls:
 

 
2. na hi mănuşāt parataram kiñcit. .
 

 
न हि मानुषात् परतरं किंचित् ।
 

 
There is nothing superior to man
 

 
3. durlabho hi śucir naraḥ. .
 

 
दुर्लभो हि शुचिर्नरः ।
 

 
A person pure in all respects is but rare.
 

 
4. munināñca mati-bhramaḥ.
 

 
मुनीनाञ्च मतिभ्रमः ।
 

 
Even the wise are subject to bewilderment.
 

 
Definitions
 

 
उक्तिप्रत्युक्तिमद् वाक्यं वाकोवाक्यं विदुर्बुधाः

यस्तु पर्यनुयोगस्य निर्भेदः क्रियते पदैः ।
 

 
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Original from

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN