Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric /110

54
 
A Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric
 
3G18
 
<headword>उदाहरण</headword>
 
उदाहरणम् Udaāharaṇam : Illustration :
 

 
It is ud àā √hrṛ ana (<anat) and literally means an example, instance,

illustration etc. Though this device is very common in language and

literature yet as a separate figure of speech it is recognised by

Jagannaātha and a few others only. Udaāharaṇa is based on similitude

and has the following features:
 

(a)
 
there are two propositions separately - -the subject in

hand and its equivalent (ie prastuta and aprastuta),
 

(b)
 
the common attribute,
 

(c) the prastuta and aprastuta or the contextual and the

non-contextual are mutually related by some sort of

similitude,
 

(d) in order to strengthen a general proposition a particu-
lar proposition is cited as illustration in support of the

lar proposition is cited as illustration in support of the
former. These two propositions are related by some

sort of similarity in meaning.
 

 
eg 1. abhimata-guno'pi padārtho doşenṣeṇaikena nindito bhavati

nikhila-rasāyana-rajo gandhenogrena lasṇa laśuna iva.

 
अभिमतगुणोऽपि पदार्थो दोषेणैकेन निन्दितो भवति ।

निखिलरसायनराजो गन्धेनोग्रेण लशुन इव ॥
 

 
A thing though agreeable by its merits

For only one defect gets censure,
 

Like the garlic, by smell most obnoxious,

Still the best of elixir.
 
34-44
 
<headword>उपन्यास</headword>
 
उपन्यासः Upanyāsaḥ : Upanyāsaḥ : Assignment
 

 
upa nyāsa (√nyas a < ghañ) lilerally means placement, statement, sug
-
gestion, proposal, reference, hint etc. Rhetorically Upanyāsa is a figure

where something very different from the factual meaning or the

primary sense is conveyed. The figure is named Assignment since

the poet assigns here a non-contextual meaning through the plain

meaning expressed therein.
 
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