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intelligent things are produced from beings
endowed with intelligence; hair and nails, for
instance, spring from animals, and certain insects
from dung. Dr. Thibaut objects to this reply as
follows: "An argument of this kind is alto-
gether out of place from the point of view of the
true Sankara. According to the latter, the non-
intelligent world does not spring from Brahman
in so far as the latter is intelligence, but in so
far as it is associated with maya. Maya is the
upâdâna of the material world, and Maya itself
of a non-intelligent nature." This must appear a
manifest blunder to those who have followed us
in our explanation above regarding the ultimate
relation of Maya to Brahman as stated in i. 4-23,
-Maya as an emanation (Vivarta) of Brahman.
Brahman is the vivarta-upâdâna of Maya. This
is the ultimate doctrine of Advaita. It is only
when we take the manifested world into conside-
ration that the undifferentiated (Avyakta or Maya)
is the upâdâna of the differentiated and manifest-
ed world. But Brahman itself is upâdâna of
Maya-just as the mother-of-pearl is the uápdána
of silver. Hence the instances above alleged of
the production of hair and nails from animals are