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one who depends on alms received from the whole
village. Cf. AS. Trans. p. 199.
(3) It may also mean a workman engaged by the
entire village on payment of a certain emolu-
ment. See Bhṛtaka.
 
GRĀMA MAHATTARA(S)--Village elders who
functioned with certain executive and adminis-
trative powers in the Pallava and Vakataka
kingdoms. (c. 250-550 A.D.). Altekar, SGAI., p. 230
 
GRĀMA MAHĀJANA(S)--Great men of the vil-
lage, who, in the Karnataka region, used to
manage schools, construct tanks, build rest
houses and such other civil works, as evidenced
by inscriptional records. Altekar, SGAI, p 235
 
GRĀMIKA--A village headman. (AŚ. III. 10,
Manu Saṁ, VII. 116, 118).
 
CAKRAVARTĪ--(1) Pali Cakkavatti.
(2) The world ruler or the Universal Emperor.
(3) According to the Buddhist tradition, the
World Ruler possesses 'seven jewels' viz. the
wheel treasure, the elephant treasure, the horse
treasure, the treasure of a woman, the treasurer
and the adviser. He also possesses five good
qualities by way of knowing wealth, virtue, mea-
sure, time and the assembled men. His con-