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GŪDHAPURUŞA—(1) Spy.
 
(2) Secret emissary.
 
(3) Disguised agent. The probable varieties of
such spies and their activities are described in
AS' I. 11.
 
GUŅASAMKĪRTANA—(1) Flattery.
 
(2) It is one of the five varieties of Sama (q.v.).
It is in the form of the praise of family, physique,
action, habit, learning and materials belonging
to the party, who is to be won by this type of the
policy of conciliation. Cf. abhijana-śarīra-karma-
prakṛti-śruti-dravyādīnāṁ guṇāguṇagrahaṇam
prasaṁsā-stutirguṇasamkirtanam. (AS' II. 10).
GULMA (1) A host of armed guards.³
 
Political Concepts in Ancient India
 
(2) A unit of army consisting of three senamu-
khas or 9 chariots, 9 elephants, 27 horses and 45
footmen.³
 
GODHYAKŞA-Superintendent of cows. This offi-
cer was required to look after the protection and
well-being of all the domestic animals of the state
like cows, buffaloes and goats. He was also to
keep a register of the entire population of such
animals of the state. (AS' II. 29).
 
GOPA (1) A subordinate officer either under a
Samāhartā or under a Nagarika.
 
-
 
(2) The Gopa under a Samahartā works in the
countryside (Janapada) and remains in charge
of a minimum of five larger villages or a maximum
 
Digitized by
 
2. Kulluka or Manu Sam, VII. 114.
 
3. P. C. Chakravarti, The Art of War in Ancient India, p. 83.
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN