Political Concepts in Ancient India /85

Glossary
 

ΚΑ
 

 
KAKŞAṢA-- (1) Usually mentioned in duel number as

KAKŞṢAU.
 

(2) The two hinder parts of an army which is

recommended to be arranged in five parts as

follows, the two front parts called the 2 Pakşṣas,

the two hinder parts called the Kakşas and the
ṣas and the
middle part called the Urasya (q.v.) (see AS' X.

5. X. 6 etc.)
 

 
KANṆTAKA--(1) An antisocial element.
 

(2) Any source of vexation to the State and the

society like a thief. (AS' VI. 1, Manu Samṁ. IX

252, 253, 260).
 
65
 

(3) Medhaātithi on Manu Samṁ IX. 252 observes-
-
kanţṇṭakas'abdaḥ pīḍāhetusāmāṇnyāt taskarādīşu
ṣu
(Anti-social elements like the thief are called

Kanţṇṭaka because of causing pain or vexation like

the thorn).
 

 
KANTṆṬAKAS'ODHANA--Legal procedure for

punishing the anti-social elements. Three judi-

cial magistrates called Pradeştṣṭā, well equipped

with the Amaātyagunṇas and also belonging to the

status of a Mahāmātra, form a court of trial for

dealing with cases of misappropriation, bribery

and other such corruptions. (AS' IV. 1, etc.).¹
Cf. Manu Saṁ., IX. 253.
 
KARA-- (1) Any sort of revenue or tax or duty pay-

able to the state. Land tax, customs duties,

annual revenue and all sorts of levies are meant

by the term when Manu discusses about the whole

system of Kara in Manu Samṁ, VII. 127 to 137.
 
1. Cf. Manu Sam., IX. 253.
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN