Political Concepts in Ancient India /83

Glossary
 
because of its being the most effective expédient
edient
though it involves loss of soldiers etc.
 

Cf. saāmni prayāsa-dhana-vyaya-sainya-kṣayādi-
doş
doṣābhāvāt, dandṇḍe tu tatsad-bhāvepi kāryasiddhya-

tiśayāt (Kulluka's com. on Manu Samṁ. VII. 109).

By this explanation of Kulluka it becomes con-

firmed that in VII. 198, Manu uses the term

Yuddha in the sense of Dandṇḍa. We are also

led to believe that in the confirmed opinion of

Manu it is better to avoid Yuddha or Dandṇḍa,

though it deserves to be praised as the most

effective expedient.
 
63
 

Yaājña valkya (I. 346) also instructs that Danda
ṇḍa
should be taken resort to only as the last measure.
 

Kāmandaka adds to the traditional list of four

Upaāyas, three more, and they are viz. Māyā

(deceit), Upekṣā (indifference) and Indrajala
āla
(creation of illusions). (See Kaāmandakiīya Niīti-

sāra, Canto XVIII for details).
 
(q.v.) or STHANA (q.v.)
 

 
UPEKŞAŅṢAṆA-ASANA
 
(q.v.) or See THĀNA (q.v.)
See Ṣadguna.
 
ṇa.
 
UBHAYAVETANA--A type of spy, who receives

pay from his actual master as well as from the

latter's enemy, with a feigned allegiance for

causing confidence in the mind of the enemy, for

the convenience of spying in the best interest

of the actual master. (ASŚ VII. 14. etc.).
 

 
UBHAYAYAĀTTĀ-SIDDHI—Joint administration.
 

An administration conducted jointly by the King

and the Minister, working in full consonance.

This term is used in Mudrārāàkṣasa. III. See

Siddhi.
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN