2023-02-16 11:11:52 by ambuda-bot
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Political Concepts in Ancient India
pay is fixed at 60 panas yearly by Kautilya. (AS'
V. 3).
UPAYA (1) A means of success against an enemy
(Apte).
(2) There are four such Upāyas, viz. Sāma
(conciliation or negotiation), Dāna (bribery or
gift), Bheda (sowing of dissensions) and Danda
(punishment or military action).
62
(3) Kautilya also gives the term Upapradāna
for Dana. Cf. Upayassāmo-papradānabhedadaṇ-
daḥ (AS' II. 10).
(4) Manu seems to give the word Yuddha also
for Danda, for he advocates that it is better to
try to win the enemy with any one of Sāma,
Dana and Bheda or with all of them put together,
but never with Yuddha. Thus, he uses the word
Yuddha, where he should have given the term
Danda. Cf. samnā dānena bhedena samastair
athavā pṛthak vijetum prayatetārin na yuddhena
kadācana (Manu Samhita. VII. 198).
(5) But, earlier Manu had already observed by
expressly mentioning the term Danda, that
of the four Upayas, Sama and Danda are the
best. Cf. sāmādīnāmupāyānaṁ caturnāṁ api pan-
ditāḥ sāmadaṇḍau prasaṁsanti nityam rāṣtrābhi-
vṛddhyaye (Manu Sam. VII. 109).
(6) From the immediately earlier verse we learn
that the enemy is to be brought under control
even by Daṇḍa if the earlier three Upayas do
not work well (Manu Sam. VII. 108). From
Kulluka's com. we learn that Danda is praised
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
pay is fixed at 60 panas yearly by Kautilya. (AS'
V. 3).
UPAYA (1) A means of success against an enemy
(Apte).
(2) There are four such Upāyas, viz. Sāma
(conciliation or negotiation), Dāna (bribery or
gift), Bheda (sowing of dissensions) and Danda
(punishment or military action).
62
(3) Kautilya also gives the term Upapradāna
for Dana. Cf. Upayassāmo-papradānabhedadaṇ-
daḥ (AS' II. 10).
(4) Manu seems to give the word Yuddha also
for Danda, for he advocates that it is better to
try to win the enemy with any one of Sāma,
Dana and Bheda or with all of them put together,
but never with Yuddha. Thus, he uses the word
Yuddha, where he should have given the term
Danda. Cf. samnā dānena bhedena samastair
athavā pṛthak vijetum prayatetārin na yuddhena
kadācana (Manu Samhita. VII. 198).
(5) But, earlier Manu had already observed by
expressly mentioning the term Danda, that
of the four Upayas, Sama and Danda are the
best. Cf. sāmādīnāmupāyānaṁ caturnāṁ api pan-
ditāḥ sāmadaṇḍau prasaṁsanti nityam rāṣtrābhi-
vṛddhyaye (Manu Sam. VII. 109).
(6) From the immediately earlier verse we learn
that the enemy is to be brought under control
even by Daṇḍa if the earlier three Upayas do
not work well (Manu Sam. VII. 108). From
Kulluka's com. we learn that Danda is praised
Digitized by
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN