2023-03-11 05:14:00 by Krishnendu
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pay is fixed at 60 paṇas yearly by Kauṭilya. (AS'Ś
V. 3).
UPAYA--(1) A means of success against an enemy
(Apte).
(2) There are four such Upāyas, viz. Sāma
(conciliation or negotiation), Dāna (bribery or
gift), Bheda (sowing of dissensions) and Daṇḍa
(punishment or military action).
(3) Kauṭilya also gives the term Upapradāna
for Dāna. Cf. Upāyassāmo-papradānabhedadaṇ-
ḍaḥ (AS'Ś II. 10).
(4) Manu seems to give the word Yuddha also
for Danḍa, for he advocates that it is better to
try to win the enemy with any one of Sāma,
Dāna and Bheda or with all of them put together,
but never with Yuddha. Thus, he uses the word
Yuddha, where he should have given the term
Daṇḍa. Cf. sāmnā dānena bhedena samastair
athavā pṛthak vijetuṁ prayatetārin na yuddhena
kadācana (Manu Saṁhitā. VII. 198).
(5) But, earlier Manu had already observed by
expressly mentioning the term Daṇḍa, that
of the four Upāyas, Sāma and Daṇḍa are the
best. Cf. sāmādīnāmupāyānaṁ caturṇāṁ api paṇ-
ḍitāḥ sāmadaṇḍau praśaṁsanti nityaṁ rāṣtrābhi-
vṛddhyaye (Manu Saṁ. VII. 109).
(6) From the immediately earlier verse we learn
that the enemy is to be brought under control
even by Daṇḍa if the earlier three Upāyas do
not work well (Manu Saṁ. VII. 108). From
Kulluka's com. we learn that Daṇḍa is praised
V. 3).
UPAYA--(1) A means of success against an enemy
(Apte).
(2) There are four such Upāyas, viz. Sāma
(conciliation or negotiation), Dāna (bribery or
gift), Bheda (sowing of dissensions) and Daṇḍa
(punishment or military action).
(3) Kauṭilya also gives the term Upapradāna
for Dāna. Cf. Upāyassāmo-papradānabhedadaṇ-
ḍaḥ (A
(4) Manu seems to give the word Yuddha also
for Danḍa, for he advocates that it is better to
try to win the enemy with any one of Sāma,
Dāna and Bheda or with all of them put together,
but never with Yuddha. Thus, he uses the word
Yuddha, where he should have given the term
Daṇḍa. Cf. sāmnā dānena bhedena samastair
athavā pṛthak vijetuṁ prayatetārin na yuddhena
kadācana (Manu Saṁhitā. VII. 198).
(5) But, earlier Manu had already observed by
expressly mentioning the term Daṇḍa, that
of the four Upāyas, Sāma and Daṇḍa are the
best. Cf. sāmādīnāmupāyānaṁ caturṇāṁ api paṇ-
ḍitāḥ sāmadaṇḍau praśaṁsanti nityaṁ rāṣtrābhi-
vṛddhyaye (Manu Saṁ. VII. 109).
(6) From the immediately earlier verse we learn
that the enemy is to be brought under control
even by Daṇḍa if the earlier three Upāyas do
not work well (Manu Saṁ. VII. 108). From
Kulluka's com. we learn that Daṇḍa is praised