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Glossary
 
(2) Kautilya uses the term in the sense of a
ṭilya uses the term in the sense of a
trust, for he speaks of enjoying the Upanidhi.

(AS' III. 12).
 
Cf. upanidhibhoktā deśakālānurupaṁ bhogavetanaṁ dadyāt
(AS' III. 12).
 
UPANIPĀTA--Calamity
 
or damage caused to any
or damage caused to any
merchandise by the state (rājā), thief, fire and

water. Cf. raja-corāgnyudakabādhā upanipāta

(AS' III. 15).
 

 
UPANISAT-PRAYOGA--Secret use of fire, poison,

etc. for the killing of enemy. The details are

described in AS' Book XIV.
 
61
 

 
UPĀYUKTA--(1) A responsible and fully autho-

rised official (AS' II. 9).
 

(2) This officer is immediately higher in rank

than the Yukta, for whenever there is any doubt

regarding the conduct of a Yukta, the King should

make an enquiry from the Upāyukta.(AS' II. 8).
 

 
UPASTHANA--(1) A waiting hall for the subjects

coming to meet the King. (AS' I. 19, X. 1).
 

(2) AĀsthānamaṇḍapa in the same sense as in 1.

(3) A type of training for the elephants. (AS'

II. 32).
 

(4) One of the ten assigned functions of a Koşth-
ṣṭh-
āgārādhyakṣa (q.v.), is called Upasthāna, which

is, again, found in six forms mainly concerned

with measurement of materials. The details are

given in AS' II. 15.
 

 
UPASTHAYIKA--Men engaged for looking after

the elephants and other such animals. Their
 
8. Cf. upanidhibhoktā deśakālā nurupam bhogavetanam dadyat
(AS' III. 12).
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN