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Political Concepts in Ancient India
(test of virtue), Kāmopadha (test of desire),
Arthopadha (test of greed for wealth), Bhayo-
padha (test of courage on occasions of fear).
The detailed procedure of applying these tests is
given in AS' I. 10.
(2) Kautilya suggests that only one who can
pass in all the Upadhās should be appointed a
Minister. (sarvopadhāśuddhān mantrinaḥ Kur-
yāt) (AS' I. 10).
(3) Mahabharata gives the number of Upadhās
to be five while the Kālikāpurāna, a much later
work, illustrates only three Upadhās, viz.
Dharmopadha, Arthopadha and Kamopadhā.5
UPAJĀPA-Causing of dissension in the camp of
enemy. (AS' I. 13. VII. 5, etc.) Cf. (Sisupalava-
dha II. 99 and Kirātārjunīya. II. 47.
UPANIDHI-(1) A sealed deposit, deposited
with a person in a sealed container without dis-
closing the contents. (cf. Manu Sam VIII. 145,
149 and Medhatithi thereon."
4. nityam pancopadhātītair mantrayet saha mantribhih (Mbh.
XII. 83. 52). Nilakantha, commenting on this, takes the
meaning of Upadha as Chala (i.e., fraud or trick or deception)
and gives a very queer explanation. According to his inter-
pretation, there are three basic Upadhäs, viz. Vaciki (oral),
Kayiki (physical) and Manasiki (mental). Through various
combinations we have five varieties, viz., (i) Vāciki, (ii) Kāyiki,
(iii) Mānasiki, (iv) Käyiki cum Vāciki and (v) Kayiki eum Vāciki
cum Mānasikī.
5. Cf. Kālikāpurāṇa, 87. 776-96a.
6. kā strāntaravadantarhito nyasah. yadapradarbitarupam sa-
cihavastrādina pihitam niksipyate.
7. See S. C. Banerji, A Glossary of Smrti Literature, p. 21 for
other references.
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
Political Concepts in Ancient India
(test of virtue), Kāmopadha (test of desire),
Arthopadha (test of greed for wealth), Bhayo-
padha (test of courage on occasions of fear).
The detailed procedure of applying these tests is
given in AS' I. 10.
(2) Kautilya suggests that only one who can
pass in all the Upadhās should be appointed a
Minister. (sarvopadhāśuddhān mantrinaḥ Kur-
yāt) (AS' I. 10).
(3) Mahabharata gives the number of Upadhās
to be five while the Kālikāpurāna, a much later
work, illustrates only three Upadhās, viz.
Dharmopadha, Arthopadha and Kamopadhā.5
UPAJĀPA-Causing of dissension in the camp of
enemy. (AS' I. 13. VII. 5, etc.) Cf. (Sisupalava-
dha II. 99 and Kirātārjunīya. II. 47.
UPANIDHI-(1) A sealed deposit, deposited
with a person in a sealed container without dis-
closing the contents. (cf. Manu Sam VIII. 145,
149 and Medhatithi thereon."
4. nityam pancopadhātītair mantrayet saha mantribhih (Mbh.
XII. 83. 52). Nilakantha, commenting on this, takes the
meaning of Upadha as Chala (i.e., fraud or trick or deception)
and gives a very queer explanation. According to his inter-
pretation, there are three basic Upadhäs, viz. Vaciki (oral),
Kayiki (physical) and Manasiki (mental). Through various
combinations we have five varieties, viz., (i) Vāciki, (ii) Kāyiki,
(iii) Mānasiki, (iv) Käyiki cum Vāciki and (v) Kayiki eum Vāciki
cum Mānasikī.
5. Cf. Kālikāpurāṇa, 87. 776-96a.
6. kā strāntaravadantarhito nyasah. yadapradarbitarupam sa-
cihavastrādina pihitam niksipyate.
7. See S. C. Banerji, A Glossary of Smrti Literature, p. 21 for
other references.
Digitized by
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN