Political Concepts in Ancient India /80

80
 
Political Concepts in (test of virtue), Kāmopadhā (test of desire),
Ancient India
 
(test of virtue), Kāmopadha (test of desire),
Arthopadharthopadhā (test of greed for wealth), Bhayo-
padha
padhā (test of courage on occasions of fear).

The detailed procedure of applying these tests is

given in AS' I. 10.
 

(2) Kautṭilya suggests that only one who can

pass in all the Upadhās should be appointed a

Minister. (sarvopadhāśuddhān manṇtrinaḥ Kur-

yāt) (AS' I. 10).
 

(3) Mahaābhaārata gives the number of Upadhās

to be five while the Kālikāpurāna, a much later

work, illustrates only three Upadhās, viz.

Dharmopadhaā, Arthopadhaā and Kamopadhā. nityaṁ pancopadhātītair mantrayet saha mantribhih (Mbh. XII. 83. 5
2). Nilakaṇtha, commenting on this, takes the
meaning of Upadhā as Chala (i.e., fraud or trick or deception)
and gives a very queer explanation. According to his inter-
pretation, there are three basic Upadhās, viz. Vaciki (oral),
Kāyikī (physical) and Mānasikī (mental). Through various
combinations we have five varieties, viz., (i) Vācikī, (ii) Kāyikī,
(iii) Mānasiki, (iv) Kāyikī cum Vācikī and (v) Kāyikī cum Vāciki
cum Mānasikī. Cf. Kālikāpurāṇa, 87. 776-96a.
 
UPAJĀPA--Causing of dissension in the camp of

enemy. (AS' I. 13. VII. 5, etc.) Cf. (SisupaŚiśupālava-

dha II. 99 and Kirātārjunīya. II. 47.
 

 
UPANIDHI--(1) A sealed deposit, deposited

with a person in a sealed container without dis-

closing the contents. (cf. Manu Samṁ VIII. 145,

149 and Medhatithi thereon."
 
4. nityam pancopadhātītair mantrayet saha mantriātithi thereon.
śāstrāntaravadantarhito nyāsah. yadapradarbhih (Mbh.
XII. 83. 52). Nilakantha, commenting on this, takes the
meaning of Upadha as Chala (i.e., fraud or trick or deception)
and gives a very queer explanation. According to his interitarupam sa-
pretation, there are three basic Upadhäs, viz. Vaciki (oral),
Kayiki (physical) and Manasiki (mental). Through various
combinations we have five varieties, viz., (i) Vāciki, (ii) Kāyiki,
(iii) Mānasiki, (iv) Käyiki cum Vāciki and (v) Kayiki eum Vāciki
cum Mānasikī.
 
5. Cf. Kālikāpurāṇa, 87. 776-96a.
 
6. kā strāntaravadantarhito nyasah. yadapradarbitarupam sa-
cihavastrādina pihitam niksipyate.
 
7
cihavastrādinā pihitaṁ nikṣipyate. See S. C. Banerji, A Glossary of Smrti Literature, p. 21 for
other references.
 
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other references.