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(2) This term is often appended to other terms
e.g. Ākrandāsāra. (see Maṇḍala).
(3) Movements of an army in an out-spread-
ing manner. (Amarakośa Kṣatriyavarga). Cf. syādāsārah prasāraṇam.
 
UCCHEDANĪIYA--One of the four broad varieties
of enemy, the other three varieities being, Yāta-
vya, Pīḍanīya and Karśanīya. This term implies
an enemy fit to be totally uprooted. It is advised
that an enemy who has no shelter (i.e., no
fort and no ally) or whose shelter (āśraya) is
weak is to be reckoned as an Ucchedanīya enemy.
Cf. anapāśrayo durbalāśrayo vā ucchedanīyaḥ
(AS' VI. 2).
 
UTTAMA--SĀHASA--DANDA--(1) A fine, ran-
ging between five hundred and one thousand
Paṇas. (AS' III. 18). pancaśatāvaraḥ sahasrapara uttamaḥ sāhasadaṇḍaḥ.
That the numerals here refer to the quantity of Paṇas may be
gathered from the definition of Purvasāhasa daṇḍa.
(2) Manu calls it Uttama-Sāhasa and fixes
the penalty at 1000 Paṇas. (Manu Saṁ. VIII.
138).
 
UTTHĀNA--A King's quality of remaining ever
active and energetic. The opposite is Anutthāna.
Kauṭilya is all praise for Utthāna, and he de-
nounces Anutthāna in very strong terms. The
former is the source of all wealth and prosperity