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Glossary
 
ATYAYIKA (-KARYA)-An emergent situation
requiring immediate action. The King is ad-
vised to call a meeting of the ministers (mantri-
ṇaḥ) and of the committee of executive officers
(mantriparişad) for consultation as soon as such
a situation arises. cf. atyayike karye mantrino
mantriparişadaṁ cāhūya brūyāt (AS' I. 15). In
AS' I. 19 Kautilya observes-the King should
pay immediate attention to all the atyayika
kāryas, and such situations should never be
allowed to pass unheeded. (sarvam ātyayikam
kāryaṁ śṛṇuyānnātipātayet).
 
ADHĀTĀ-One who keeps the Adhi with the cre-
ditor (AS', III. 12).
 
ADHI=(1) 'Pledge or mortgage of a chattel or im-
movable property to the creditor himself with or
without possession'. (HD. III. p. 419. f.n. 681).
 
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(2) Vide AS' III. 1, III. 12, etc. and Manu Saṁ
VIII. 143-145.
 
(3) Medhatithi under Manu Sam, VIII. 143.
divides Adhi into 2 types, viz. Gopya. (which is
simply to be retained without any enjoyment)
and Bhogya (which may be enjoyed by the
creditor, while retained with him). Bhogya again
is divided into two types, viz. that which yields a
perennial enjoyment and that which yields a
periodical enjoyment.
 
(4) Cf. also Yajnavalkya, II. 58 where it is
maintained that the Adhi is forfeited if it is not
released by such a time during which the profit
yielded by it amounts to two times of its original
value.
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN