Political Concepts in Ancient India /61

AP-DURGA --(1) Abdurga-water fort. (vide Ma-
nu-Saṁ. VII. 7).
(2) =Audaka-Durga of AS'Ś II. 3.
 
APRĀPTAVYAVAHĀRA--A minor, who has not
attained majority of age enough for taking part
in a legal suit. (AS'Ś III. 1).
 
AMĀTYA-- (1) Administrative Officers, engaged in
various departments of the royal admi-
nistration.
(2) Only such persons who had been purified
by the four tests (Upaḍhās) were to be
appointed in the different departments
according to the various tests passed by
them. Those who had passed the Virtue
test (Dharmopadhā) were to be appointed
in the departments of judicial administra-
tion (i.e., Dharmasthīya and Kaṇṭakaśodha-
na); those who had passed the wealth test
(Arthopadhā) were to be appointed in the
King's revenue departments; and those who
had passed the Pleasure test (Kāmopadhā)
were to be appointed for guarding the.
royal ladies; those who passed the fear
test (Bhayopadhā) were to be appointed
for such official duties which could be per-
formed remaining physically nearer to the
King's person; and those who passed in all
the four tests could be appointed ministers
(Mantrīs). tatra dharmopadhā s'uddhān dharmasthīya kaṇṭakaśo-
dhaneṣu sthāpayet. arthopadhā s'uddhān samāhartṛsannidhātṛni-
cayakarmaṣu. kāmpopadhās'śuddhān Vāhyābhyantaravihārarak-
ṣāsu. bhyayopadhās' śuddhān āsannakāryeṣu rajṇah. sarvopadhā
s'śuddhān mantriṇah kuryuh. (AS'Ś I. 10).