Political Concepts in Ancient India /58

the latter only by way of qualifying the
former. traividyebhyastrayīm vidyāt daṇḍanītiṁ ca śāvatīm ānvīk-
ṣikīṁ cātmavidyāṁ vārtārambhaṁs'ca lokatha (Manu Saṁ VII.438
 
Political Concepts in Ancient India
 
the latter only ).
evam ānvīkṣikyapi tarkavidyā arthas' āstrādikā, ātmavidyā 'dhyā-
tmavidyā vis'eṣaṇa viseṣye vā pade (Medhatithi on aby way of qualifying the
former.
 
ove).
(2) In Gautama Dharma Suūtra, XI. 2 it is said to

form the curriculum of studies for the King

along with Trayiī (i.e., the three Vedas).

(3) In AS' I. 1 it is one of the four main sciences

(vidyās), while the other three are Trayi,

Vārtā (Economics and Commerce) and

Dandanīti.
 
ṇḍanīti.
(4) Kautṭilya observes that Samṁkhya, Yoga and

Lokāyata philosophies come under the pur-

view of Ānvīkṣikī. sāṁkhyaṁ yogo lokāyataṁ cetyānvīkṣikī. Anviksiki. According to Kautṭilya,
Anvi
Ānvīkṣiki is a lamp to illumine all other
ī is a lamp to illumine all other
sciences. This analogy and other observa-

tions tend to imply that Kautṭilya under-

stands the meaning of the terms as 'logical

reasonings' or as 'philosophy comprising of

logic and metaphysics'.
 

(5) Kautṭilya also refers to a view of the school

of Manu according to which Trayī, Vārtā

and Dandanīti are the only three sciences
ṇḍanīti are the only three sciences
(Vidyās) and AnviĀnvīkṣiki forms an aspect of
ī forms an aspect of
Trayi itself.
 
ī itself. trayīvis'eṣo hyānvīkṣikīti,
(6) In the context of ancient Indian politics

what is most important is that Anviksikī
formed a part of the training of princes
Ānvīkṣikī
formed a part of the training of princes
and Kings.
 
4. traividyebhyastrayim vidyāt dandanitim ca śāvatīm ānvik-
şikiṁ cātmavidyāṁ vārtārambhaṁms'ca lokatha (Manu Saṁ VII.43).
evam ānvikṣikyapi tarkavidyā arthas' āstrādikā, ātmavidyā 'dhyā-
tmavidyā vis'eṣaṇa viseṣye vā pade (Medhatithi on above).
5. sāṁkhyaṁ yogo lokāyataṁ cetyānvīkṣikī.
6. trayīvis'eşo hyānvīksikiti,
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN