Political Concepts in Ancient India /204

184
 
Political Concepts in Ancient India
 
(2) While commenting on Aitareya Brāhmaṇa,

VIII.14 ff., Saāyaṇa gives the meaning of this

term as 'independence'. A.B. Keith, in the same

context, renders the term as 'sovereignty'.
 
HA
 

 
HASTIVYUHAŪHA--A battle order consisting of ele-

phants (ASŚ. X.5).
 

 
HASTYADHYAKŞAṢA--Superintendent of ele-

phants. The officer was to look after the training

and well being of all the elephants of the state.

(AŚ. II.31).
 

 
HIRANṆYA--Tax payable to the King in cash (and

most probably in gold coins alone). The term

occurs in the Banskhera Copper Plate of Har-
ş
ṣavardhana,¹ side by side with the terms Bhāga

and Bhogakara, which also mean other forms

of taxes. Hiraṇya may be a tax in addition to
other dues or in lieu of the share of the produce.
 
HIVide, RANYA-SANDHI-Treaty for the acquisition
of wealth. When in a Sandhi both parties aim
at gaining some wealthaj Bali Pandey, it is called Hiranya-
sandhi. (AS. VII.9).
 
1. VideHistorical and Literary Inscriptions, Raj Bali Pandey, Historical and Literary Inscriptions,

p. 145 f.
 
2. bhāga-bhoga-kara-hiraṇyādi (line 12).
 

Hiraṇya may be a tax in addition to
other dues or in lieu of the share of the produce.
 
HIRAṆYA-SANDigitizedHI--Treaty for the acquisition
of wealth. When in a Sandhi by
 
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Original from
 
UNIoth parties aim
at gaining some wealth, it is called Hiraṇya-
sandhi. (AŚ. VERSITY OF MICHIGAN
 
II.9).