Political Concepts in Ancient India /197

Glossary
 
SĀRVA-BHAUMA--A paramount soveriegn whose

unrivalled political sway extends up to the farth-

est limits of the land. In the Vedic literature he

is also called an Ekarāṭ, and the term Samanta

is given as a synonym of Sārvabhauma.
 

Cf. ayamṁ samantaparyāyī syāt sārvabhaumaḥ....

samudraparyantāyā ekarāḍiti (Aitareya Braāh-

maṇa, 8-39-1).
 
177
 

 
SĀHASA --(1) Any criminal act like robbery and

rape, a heinous crime, an aggressive act.
 
Apte, Students' Sanskrit English Dictionary, p. 602.
(2) Day light robbery accompanied by force

(AŚ. III. 17).' sāhasam anvayayat prasabhakarma. In III.17 Kautṭilya distinguishes

between Sähasa and Steya.
 
āhasa and Steya.
(3) In Manu Saṁ. VII.48 it is mentioned as one

of the eight Krodhaja vyasanas, where Medhaāti-

thi explains the term as 'employment of a super-

rior in an inferior job' or 'fine or imprisonment

meted out for a negligible crime'.³
 
sāhasam jyāyaso nīcakarmaṇi viniyogaḥ, svalpenaiv
āparādhena karādhānaṁ kārāvarodho vā (Medhātithi under Manu
Saṁ. VII. 48).
(4) In Manu Samṁ. VIII.6 the term Sahasa is
āhasa is
mentioned side by side with Steya, where the

meaning of SŚahasa seems to be 'an open crime'

as in AŚ. III.17, since, in Manu Samṁ. VIII.6

the term is mentioned in the context of litiga-
tion.
 

tion.
(5) In Manu Samṁ. VIII.138 the term Sahasa is
used in the sense of a fine or punishment.
 
6. Apte, Students' Sansāhasa is
used in the sense of a fine or punishment. Cf. Yajnavalkrit English Dictionary, p. 602.
 
7. sahasam anvayayat prasabhakarma.
 
8. sähasam jyāyaso nicakarmani viniyogaḥ, svalpenaiv
āparādhena karādhānaṁ kārävarodho vã (Medhatithi under Manu
Sam. VII. 48).
 
9. Cf. Yajnavalkya Smrya Smṛti, I. 66 etc.
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN