2023-02-16 11:12:14 by ambuda-bot
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172
Political Concepts in Ancient India
denced by Pāṇini III.3.86 and Majjhima
Nikaya (1.4.5.35).¹
(3) Typical examples of Samgha-republics are
those of the Vajjis and Mallas referred to in the
Majjhima Nikaya.
(4) From Kautilya we learn that States with
Samgha form of government were prevalent
side by side with the states with monarchical
form of government. In AS XI.1 he observes
that a king should always endeavour to gain the
Samghas as ally. The gain of the Samghas as
ally is the best amongst the gains of wealth,
arms and army. He further observes that the
Samghas are unvulnerable to the enemies be-
cause of their unity³. Some of the Samgha-
republics named by Kautilya are-Licchivikas,
Vrajikas, Mallakas, Madrakas, Kukuras, Kurus
and Pancalas."
SAMGHA-MUKHYA (1) Same as Gana-mukhya.
(2) While the term Gana refers to the entire
political community (having a republican type
of government without a single King) there seems
to have been a governing body of the republics,
comprising of the Ganamukhyas (Gana-chiefs)
and a Gana-pradhana (Gana-president).5
(3) Kautilya suggests fair and foul means for
polluting the character of the Samgha-mukhyas
9. Samghodghau.gaṇa-praśaṁsayoḥ (Pāṇini III. 3. 86).
1. imesam pihi bho gotama samghānaṁ ganānaṁ seyathidam
và jjinam matlanam (Majjhima Nikāya, 1.4.6.35).
2. Samghalabho daṇḍa-mitra-lābhānām uttamaḥ (AŚ XI. 1).
3. Samgha hi saṁhatatvādadhrsyaḥ pareşām (AS XI. 1).
4. See AS XI. 1.
5. Cf. Jayaswal, Hindu Polity, p. 103..
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
Political Concepts in Ancient India
denced by Pāṇini III.3.86 and Majjhima
Nikaya (1.4.5.35).¹
(3) Typical examples of Samgha-republics are
those of the Vajjis and Mallas referred to in the
Majjhima Nikaya.
(4) From Kautilya we learn that States with
Samgha form of government were prevalent
side by side with the states with monarchical
form of government. In AS XI.1 he observes
that a king should always endeavour to gain the
Samghas as ally. The gain of the Samghas as
ally is the best amongst the gains of wealth,
arms and army. He further observes that the
Samghas are unvulnerable to the enemies be-
cause of their unity³. Some of the Samgha-
republics named by Kautilya are-Licchivikas,
Vrajikas, Mallakas, Madrakas, Kukuras, Kurus
and Pancalas."
SAMGHA-MUKHYA (1) Same as Gana-mukhya.
(2) While the term Gana refers to the entire
political community (having a republican type
of government without a single King) there seems
to have been a governing body of the republics,
comprising of the Ganamukhyas (Gana-chiefs)
and a Gana-pradhana (Gana-president).5
(3) Kautilya suggests fair and foul means for
polluting the character of the Samgha-mukhyas
9. Samghodghau.gaṇa-praśaṁsayoḥ (Pāṇini III. 3. 86).
1. imesam pihi bho gotama samghānaṁ ganānaṁ seyathidam
và jjinam matlanam (Majjhima Nikāya, 1.4.6.35).
2. Samghalabho daṇḍa-mitra-lābhānām uttamaḥ (AŚ XI. 1).
3. Samgha hi saṁhatatvādadhrsyaḥ pareşām (AS XI. 1).
4. See AS XI. 1.
5. Cf. Jayaswal, Hindu Polity, p. 103..
Digitized by
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN