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Political Concepts in Ancient India
 
(4) According to Amara the ferry duties and
similar dues are called Sulka.
 
(5) Compare also the term Vali.
 
ŚULKĀDHYAKŞA-(1)
or customs duties. (AS II. 21).
 
(2) Toll collector or customs officer.
 
(3) In certain places this officer is also called
Saulkika.
 
162
 
SŪNĀDHYAKŞA-Superintendent of slaughter-
houses. He is to see that only such animals
which are permitted to be killed by the state are
butchered in the slaughter houses and is to
ensure that only fresh and bone-less meat is
sold in the market. The duties of this officer
are detailed in AS II. 26.
 
ŚAULKIKA—(1) Same as Śulkādhyakṣa.
 
(2) Superintendent of tolls or customs duties.
(3) Toll-collector or customs officer.
 
(4) This term is used in Pāla and Paramāra
Inscriptions in the sense of a Sulkdhyakāsa. cf.
also Yajnavalkyaşmrti. II. 173.²
 
ŚREŅI (1) A guild or company of traders, artis-
ans etc. (Apte).³ In Arthaśāstra, IV.1, this term
is used in this sense in the context of the beha-
viour of the artisans (Kāru).
 
Superintendent of tolls
 
(2) From various references, such as one in AS
VIII.4., to Śrenī and Śrenīmukhya in the same
 
6. ghaṭṭādideyam śulkostri (Amara kośa, Ksatriya varga).
7. Cf. U.N. Ghoshal, Hindu Revenue System, p. 246.
samhataistairdvayoḥ śrenih sajātibhiḥ
 
8. Cf. kāruḥ śilpi
(Amarakośa, Sudrvarga).
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN