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Glossary
 
ŚĀSANAHARA-DŪTA
 
(1) A royal messenger,
 
who merely delivers the message and takes
back the reply; he cannot negotiate of his own
accord.
 
(2) He possesses only half of the qualities of an
Amatya.
 
161
 
(3) Because of possessing half of the qualities
of an ideal Amatya he may be supposed to be of
the status of a third grade Amatya. (See
Amatya-sampat).
 
ŚĀSAYITĀ-One who prepares a copper plate
grant. Cf. Nidhanpur C.P. Grant of Bhaskara-
varman, line 135. (Kāmarūpaśāsanāvālī, p. 26).
ŚIVIRA-A military camp. See Skandhāvāra.
ŚUDDHA VADHA-Capital punishment without
physical torture. (AS IV. 10).
 
ŚULKA (1) A toll or customs duty. (vide AS
II. 21 etc. cf. Manu Sam. 8.159).
 
(2) According to Kautilya there are three va-
rieties of Sulka, viz. Vāhyaśulka (Duty levied on
goods produced in the countryside), Abhyantara
sulka (Duty levied on goods produced in the city)
and Atithya sulka (Duty levied on goods pro-
duced outside the country). Each of these three
types of Sulka are again sub-divided into two
types viz., Nişkrāmya śulka (Export duty) and
Prāvesya śulka (Import duty) (vide AŚ II. 22).
(3) Manu uses the term also in the sense of a
purchase-price for a bride. cf. Manu Sam.
III. 51, VIII, 204, IX. 93 etc.
 
4. A. S. Altekar. SGAI, p. 301.
5. ardhagunahinaḥ śasanaharaḥ (AŚ I. 16).
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN