Political Concepts in Ancient India /180

Political Concepts in Ancient India
(3) In AŚ IX. 1, Kautṭilya discusses the rela-

tive superiority of the three kinds of SŚakti, and
opines that the second is superior to the first
and the third is superior to the second.
 

opines that the second is superior to the first
and the third is superior to the second.
 
ŚATRU--See Ari.

 
ŚAMA--(1) Peace.
(2) Policy of peace. Cf. Bhāravi's Kirātārjunīya, I. 42.
(3) A state of mutual trust between Kings. In
this sense this term is synonymous with SAMA-(1) Peace.
 
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(2) Policy of peace.³
 
(3) A state of mutual trust between Kings. In
this sense this term is synonymous withandhi
(q.v.) and Sandhi
(q.v.) and Samamādhi (AŚ XVII. 17).
 

 
ŚĀSANA --(1) The King's writs which are divided

into eight varieties by Kautṭilya under appro-

priate titles in AŚ II. 10. Cf. the first sasana
śāsana
in the statement : śāsane śāsanam ityācakṣate

(AŚ II. 10).
 

(2) The rule or the royal sway. Cf. the second

śāsana in the line quoted from ASŚ II. 10 above

or śāsanapradhānā hi rājānaḥ (Ibid).
 

(3) The royal command, (Raghuvamsṁśa, 14.83).

(4) Any royal charter (cf. Nidhanpur C.P. Grant

of Bhaāskara varman, V. 28. vide Kaāmarūpasśā-

sanāvalī p. 27).
 

(5) King's decree (AĀjñā) which is more precisely

called Rājaśāsana (=Rājājnā) which is said to

be one of the four feet of the subject-matter of a

suit (Vivādārtha) by Kautilya in AS III. la.
ṭilya in AŚ III. la.
As found in a subsequent verse given by

Kautṭilya this decree is based on King's good

reasoning, as Rājaśāsana is said
to be

synonymous with Nyaāya in that verse. (See

Vivādapadas).
 
to
 
3. Cf. Bharavi's Kirätārjuniya, I. 42.
 
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