Political Concepts in Ancient India /178

(6) Kauṭilya recognises only four Kāmaja
Vyasanas, viz., Mṛgayā (hunting), Dyūta
(dicing), Strī (women) and Politicalāna (wine). These
are together called Kāmaja Concepts in Ancient India
 
(6) Kautilya recognises only four Kamaja
Vyasanas, viz., Mrgaya (hunting), Dyūta
(dicing), Stri (women) and Pana (wine). These
are together called Kamaja Caturvarga.
 
aturvarga.
 
VYĀJI Ī--(1) One of seven AyasĀyaśarīras (i.e., sources

of revenue). It is to be paid to the State in the

form of 5% of the commodities sold so as to

ensure against any loss due to wrong measure-
ment. (AS
ment. (AŚ II. 6 and II.15).
 
158
 

(2) A 5% tax to be paid to the state when

somebody gets coins made for his own use with

metals supplied by himself in the royal mint

(AŚ II. 12).
 

(3) An additional surcharge to the tune of 5%

or any type of fine. (ASŚ III.18).
 

 
VYAĀYAĀMA YUDDHA--An open conflict with use
of arms.
of arms. (AŚ IX.2).³
 
Cf. mantrayuddhacca bhuyo vyāyāma yuddham.... (AŚ
IX.2).
 
VYUSTA--The regnal year or a month or a fortnight

of a day as counted from the date of the king's

coronation (vide, AS'Ś II.6).³
 
(AS
rājavarṣaṁ māsaḥ pakṣo divasaśca vyuṣṭam (AŚ
 
II.6).
 
VYŪHA--(1) A military array. According to Us'

anas, a Vyuūha consists of three divisions viz.

Pakşṣau (wings), Urasyam (Vanguard), and

Pratigrāha (rear-guard). According to Brṛhas-

pati, there is yet another division viz. Kakşau
ṣau
(the flanks), (vide. AS'Ś X.6 and cf. Kāmaṇḍaka

Nītisāra. XX.31).
 

(2) In the Mahābhārata we hear of innumerable

varieties of Vyüuūhas, appearing more to be based
 
2. Cf. mantrayuddhacca bhuyo vyāyāma yuddham.... (A$
IX.2).
 
3. rājavarşam māsaḥ pakṣo divasaśca vyuştam (AŚ II.6).
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN