Political Concepts in Ancient India /177

Glossary
 
VYAVHĀRIĪ--An administrator, (vide Ep. Ind.

XII).' D. C. Sircar Indian Epigraphical Glossary, p. 383. Same as Vyāvahārika.
 

 
VYASANA--(1) A vice or bad practice or evil

habit.
 

(2) The vices probable on the part of a King are

broadly divided into two groups, viz. Kāmaja-

Vyasanas and the Krodhaja-vyasanas. Manu

asks the Kings to avoid these Vyasanas with

all effort. (Manu Samṁ. VII.45).
 
157
 

(3) There are ten varieties of Kāmaja-Vyasanas

(vices born of passion), viz., Mṛgayā (hunting),

Akçṣa (dice-playing), Divasvapna (sleeping in
āsvapna (sleeping in
the day time), Parivada (scandal mongering),
āda (scandal mongering),
Strī (undue association with woman), Mada

(indulgence in sex), Tauryatrika (singing,
dancing and playing on musical instruments)

dancing and playing on musical instruments)
and Vṛthāṭyā (loitering without any purpose).
( This term includes three Vyasanas.
Manu Saṁ. VII.47.
(4) There are eight varieties of Krodhaja

Vyasanas (vice born of anger), viz., Paisunya
śūnya
(Calumny), Saāhasa, Droha (secret murdering),

Irṣā (jealousy), Asūyā (envy), Arthaduṣaṇa (non-

payment of legitimate wages etc.), Vākpāruṣya,

Daṇḍāparusya.¹
 
( Manu Saṁ. VII.48.
5) Kautṭilya uses the term Kopaja Vyasana for

Manu's Krodhaja Vyasana and he recognises

only three Kopaja Vyasanas, viz. Vākpārusya,

Dandaparusṇḍapāruṣya and Arthaduūṣaṇa. For these

three taken together he uses the term Kopaja-

trivarga. (ASŚ VIII.3).
 
7. D. C. Sircar Indian Epigraphical Glossary, p. 383.
8. This term includes three Vyasanas.
 
9. Manu Sam. VII.47.
 
1. Manu Sam. VII.48.
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN