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some cases a Viṣaya was included in a Maṇḍala
and in some cases a Maṇḍala was included in a
Viṣaya, while in certain places both the terms
were used as synonyms. D. C. Sircar,
Glossary
 
some cases a Vişaya was included in a Mandala
and in some cases a Mandala was included in a
Visaya
, while in certain places both the terms
were used as synonyms.
 
p. 377.
 
VISTI --(1) Service rendered by unpaid (voluntary)

labour (AŚ I.1).
 

(2) Service rendered by unpaid labours engaged

as a punishment (AŚ II.7).
 

(3) Wages paid to casual labour (AŚ II.6).
 

(4) Viştṣṭi is the common designation of a varie-

ties of workmen like the Maārjaka (sweeper),
A

Ā
rakṣaka (guard), Dhāraka (weighing man), etc.

(Vide AŚ II.15).
 
1

(
53
 
(5
) The host of workmen engaged in royal work

(AŚ II.35).
 

 
VAIDEHAKA VYAŇÑJANA—A spy or secret agent

in the guise of a merchant (AS I.16).

 
VAIYĀPṚTYAKARA--A retail seller. (AŚ III.
 

12).
 

 
VAIRĀJYA--(1)-Pkt.
 
(Verajjam).
 
ṁ).
(2) This term occurs in the Jaina Ācārangasūtra

quoted under Ganaraṇarājya (q.v.).
 

(3) There is also a passage in the Attareya
ītareya
Braāhmaṇa, containing this term, where (as

explained by certain modern authorities) it is

recorded that the people in general (janapadāḥ)

belonging to the northern republics of Uttara-

kuru and Uttaramadra lying beyond the Hima-

layas were anointed to take part in Vairaājya
 
4. D. C. Sircar, Glossary, p. 377.
 
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