Political Concepts in Ancient India /172

152
 
Political Concepts in Ancient India
 
subsequent verse)= Vyavahaāvahārika sastra-the
śāstra=the
Current Law, presumably, as laid down by the

Arthaśāstra, Caritra =Samsthi-usageṁsthā=usage ; and

Rājaśāsana=Śāsana=Nyāya=King's (good)
 
reasoning.
 
VIVI
reasoning. Cf. U. N. Ghoshal, HIPI, p. 113.
 
VIVĪTĀDHYAKṢA--SA-Superintendent of grazing

grounds (ASŚ II.34).
 
VIS
 
VIŚ--(1) Plural Visśaḥ.
 
—
 
=
 

(2) The term refers to a number of villages

joined together by a tribal kinship.¹
 
The chief of such a group of villages being called Viśpati.
(3) Also means 'the whole people', as in

'Viśastvā sarvuā vāñchantu', 'Let you be desir-

able to all the people' (RṚgveda, X. 173. 1;

Atharvaveda, VI. 87-1).
 
VIS Jayaswal, Hindu Polity, p. 12 n.
 
VIŚPATI--The chief of a number of villages joined

together by a common tribal kinship. (See
VIS
VIŚ).
 
VIŞ
 
VIṢAMA-SANDHI--Opposite of Sama-sandhi

(q.v.). When in a treaty the two parties aim at

achieving two different gains, e.g., one aiming

at an ally (Mitra) and the other aiming at

wealth (Hiranṇya), the treaty is called a Vişama-
ṣama-
sandhi (AŚ VII.9).
 
VIŞ
 
VIṢAYA--An administrative division of a State,

governed by an officer called the Visayapati.
ṣayapati.
But the meaning was not always uniform. Some-

time the term meant the whole territory. In
 
9. Cf. U. N. Ghoshal, HIPI, p. 1svayaṁ grasitāro nirviṣayāḥ kāryāḥ (Brāhmaṇas who voluntarily eat prohibited articles are to be expelled from the
whole territory) in AŚ IV.13.
 
1. The chief of such a group of villages being called Vispati.
 
2. Jayaswal, Hindu Polity, p. 12 n.
 
3. Cf. svayam grasitāro nirviṣayāḥ kāryāḥ (Brāhmaṇas who
voluntarily eat prohibited articles are to be expelled from the
whole territory) in AS IV.13,
 
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