Political Concepts in Ancient India /162

142
 
and Palaāgala (the royal courier).³
 
This meaning is given by Jayaswal (loc. cit.) Altekar sug-
gests that Palāgala was probably the King's bosom companion,
corresponding to the Viduṣaka of the later period.
(6) The last two are not mentioned in the Taitti-
ri
rīya Brāhmaṇa. The Maitrāyaṇī Saṁhitā (i.e.,

the Maitrāyaṇī edition of the Yajurveda) does

not give the name of Palāgala, but instead gives

the names of Takṣā (the royal carpenter) and

Rathakaāra (the royal chariot maker). Thus
thee Kāthakasaṁhitā gives Govyaca for Govikarta and omits
Takṣā and Rathakāra. For details see also Vedic Index. Vol.
II, pp. 199 f. Thus
the Ratnins seem to have formed a very im-

portant council of ministers and executive offi-

cers in the later Vedic age.
 
Political Concepts in Ancient India
 

 
RAĀJA-DHARMA --(1) Literally "Law for the

Rulers". As such the term means "The science

of Politics" and it is same as Dandṇḍanīti (q.v.).

(2) In the Mahābhārata, ŠŚānti Parva, there is a

long discourse on the nature, utility and indis-

pensability of Raājadharma. U.N. Ghoshal, with

reference to that discourse, renders the term as

the "whole Duty of the King". But in course
of that discourse too Mahabharata uses the
term Dandanīti also.
 
(3) According to a Buddhist tradition, as record-
ed in certain Jataka stories, this term implies
ten specific royal duties. Those who ruled in
 
3. This meaning is given by Jayaswal (loc. cit.) Altekar sug-
gests that Palagala was probably the King's bosom companion,
corresponding to the Viduşaka of the later period.
 
4. The Kathakasaṁhitā gives Govyaca for Govikarta and omits
Taksa and Rathakāra. For details see also Vedic Index. Vol.
II, pp. 199 f.
 
5. U. N. Ghoshal, HIPI, pp. 189 f.
 
6 But in course
of that discourse too Māhabhārata uses the
term Daṇḍanīti also. Ibid., p. 190.
 

Cf. majjet trayi dandanītau hatāyām daṇḍanītau hatāyāṁ sarve dharmaāḥ praksṣa-

yeyur vibuddhāḥ sarve dharmaāścāśramāṇāṁ hatah syuhḥ ksatre
ṣatre
tyakte rājadhar ma purṛāṇe (Mahābhārata, Sānti Parva, 63.28).
 
Di
(3) Accordingitized by
 
Google
 
Original from
 
UNIVERSI to a Buddhist tradition, as record-
ed in certain Jātaka stories, this term implies
ten specific royal duties. TY OF MICHIGAN
 
hose who ruled in