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Political Concepts in Ancient India
 
(2) The term is used in the same sense also in
the Rāmāyāṇa and the Mahābhārata.³
 
(3) Manu Samhita VII. 20 contains the idea of
a Mātsyanyāya occurring in the absence of
Daṇḍa (i.e. king's coercive authority).*
 
(4) Kamandaka explains it as mutual antago-
nism of the people of various avocations due
to the absence of Danda.
 
(5) Col. G.A. Jacob includes it as one of the
popular maxims (Nyāya's) in the Laukikanya-
yañjali, Pt. II. (pp. 57 f.)
 
(6) The idea that the Matsyanyāya occurs pri-
marily in the open sea is contained in the Ni-
dhanpur C.P. Grant of Bhaskaravarman, verse
8.6
 
MĀNĀDHYAKSA-The Controller of the measu-
rement of area and time (AŚ II. 20).
 
MAHĀRĀJYA-The term occurs in several pray-
ers and oaths of the vedic literature. For
 
3. Cf. arājakāḥ prajāḥ sarvā purvam vinesuriti nahs'rutam
parasparam bhaksayanto matsya iva jale kṛṣān (Mahābhārata,
Santi Parva, 67.17).
 
nārājake janapade svakam bhavati kasyacit matsyā iva janā
nityam bhakşayanti parasparam (Rāmāyaṇa, Ayodhya Kāṇḍa,
67-31).
 
4. See Kulluka's commentary on Manu Sam. VII. 20 for a
reference to the term.
 
5. parasparāmişatayā jagato bhinnavartamanah daṇḍābhāve
paridhvamsi mätsyo nyāyaḥ pravartate (Kamandakiya Nitisara,
II. 40).
 
6. mātsyanyāyāvirahitaḥ prakāśa-ratnaḥ suto dvairathalaghuḥ
panrama iva hi samudraḥ samudravarmāabhavat-tasya (Kama-
rūpaśàsanūvali, p. 12).
 
Compare also Khalimpur Plate of Dharmapala Deva, Verse
4, (Rajbali Pandey, Historical and Literary Inscriptions, p. 225).
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN