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Glossary
 
to the school of Brhaspati sixteen and according
to the school of Usana twenty.³
 
(3) Manu in Manu Sam. VII. 54, however,
gives the number as seven or at best eight, using
the term Saciva for Mantrī.⁹
 
(4) In Manusamhita VII. 60/61, Manu suggests
that the number of ministers may be more than
seven or eight, and there should be as many
Amatyas as necessary for smoothly carrying on
the royal business. Medhatithi points out that
Manu Sam. VII. 60, where it is advised to
appoint more ministers is an exception (Apavā-
da) to the rule of appointing seven or eight as
stated in Manu Sam. VII. 54.¹
 
127
 
(5) Kautilya's own opinion, given after referring
to the views of Manu, Brhaspati and Uś'anas,
is that the actual number of ministers should
depend upon the needs of the situation in the
state.
 
(6) While the scope of the Mantriparişad³ re-
mains flexible, Kautilya takes care to suggest
that in actual practice the king should take
counsel from only three or at best four Mantrīs.
 
8. mantriparişadam dvādaśāmātyān kurviteti mānavaḥ
şodaketi bārhaspatyāḥ vimśatim ityaušanasāh. (AŚ. I. 45).
 
9. Sacivan sapta cāṣṭau vā kurvita suparikṣitān (MS. VII. 54).
1. yaduktam 'sapta cāṣṭau veti' tasyāyam apavādah (Medhā-
tithi under MS. VII. 60).
 
2. "Yathāsāmarthyam" iti Kauţilyah (AŚ I. 15).
 
3. The term Mantriparişad is clearly used by Kautilya (See
under No. 1 above). In the term Mantriparişad, the word
Mantri, seems to mean executive heads.
 
4. mantribhistribhiś caturbhirvā saha mantrayeta (AŚ I. 15)
Here the term Mantri seems to mean Counsellors. See under
Atyayika karma.
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN