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Political Concepts in Ancient India
mitrāmitra). Behind the central king there
are four kings with their respective territories
gradually receding from centre. These kings are
named Pārṣṇigrāha (adjacent to the central
King), Akranda (adjacent to the Pārṣṇigrāha),
Pārṣṇigrāhāsāra (adjacent to Akranda) and
Akrandāsara (adjacent to the Parṣṇigrāhāsāra).
Lying to the right or left of the central king are
two other kings viz. Madhyama (intermediate)
and Udasina (indifferent). These twelve kings
including the central king called a Vijigisu form
the Mandala (vide AŚ' VI. 2).
(7) Yajnavalkya conceives the Mandala in the
form of a lotus, where the circle is formed by
Ari (enemy), Mitra (ally) and Udāsīna (indiffer-
ent) remaining in gradually receding positions
in the front, in the rear, to the right and to the
left. Thus there are thirteen kings in the circle,
including the Vijīgiṣu, the central figure ( Yājña-
valkya Smṛti I. 345). Pārṣṇigrāha, Akrandāsāra,
etc. recognised by others (e.g. Kautilya) may be
included in one of the several Aris, Mitras and
Udāsīnas, respectively.*
MADHYAMA-One of the kings of the circle of
allied and enemy kings enumerated in the Mand-
ala theory. The territory of the Madhyama stands
either to the right or to the left of the central
figure of the circle, viz. the Aggressor (Vijīgiṣu).
4. Cf. evam purataḥ prsthataḥ pārivatas'ca trayastraya ātmā
caika iti
rājamandalam
idam
trayodaśarājakam
padmākāraṁ-pārṣṇigrāhākrandāsāradayastyari-mitrodāsīne-
şvevāntarbhavanti .....(Mitakaşra on Yajnavalkya Smṛti,
…..(Mitākaṣrā
I. 345).
Digitized by Google
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
Political Concepts in Ancient India
mitrāmitra). Behind the central king there
are four kings with their respective territories
gradually receding from centre. These kings are
named Pārṣṇigrāha (adjacent to the central
King), Akranda (adjacent to the Pārṣṇigrāha),
Pārṣṇigrāhāsāra (adjacent to Akranda) and
Akrandāsara (adjacent to the Parṣṇigrāhāsāra).
Lying to the right or left of the central king are
two other kings viz. Madhyama (intermediate)
and Udasina (indifferent). These twelve kings
including the central king called a Vijigisu form
the Mandala (vide AŚ' VI. 2).
(7) Yajnavalkya conceives the Mandala in the
form of a lotus, where the circle is formed by
Ari (enemy), Mitra (ally) and Udāsīna (indiffer-
ent) remaining in gradually receding positions
in the front, in the rear, to the right and to the
left. Thus there are thirteen kings in the circle,
including the Vijīgiṣu, the central figure ( Yājña-
valkya Smṛti I. 345). Pārṣṇigrāha, Akrandāsāra,
etc. recognised by others (e.g. Kautilya) may be
included in one of the several Aris, Mitras and
Udāsīnas, respectively.*
MADHYAMA-One of the kings of the circle of
allied and enemy kings enumerated in the Mand-
ala theory. The territory of the Madhyama stands
either to the right or to the left of the central
figure of the circle, viz. the Aggressor (Vijīgiṣu).
4. Cf. evam purataḥ prsthataḥ pārivatas'ca trayastraya ātmā
caika iti
rājamandalam
idam
trayodaśarājakam
padmākāraṁ-pārṣṇigrāhākrandāsāradayastyari-mitrodāsīne-
şvevāntarbhavanti .....(Mitakaşra on Yajnavalkya Smṛti,
…..(Mitākaṣrā
I. 345).
Digitized by Google
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN