Political Concepts in Ancient India /141

Glossary
 
Cf. "tvam caham ca bhumimṁ cāhaṁ ca bhūmiṁ labhāvahe" iti bhū-

misandhiḥ (AS' VII. 10).
 

 
BHRṚTAKA—A servant who receives regular emo-

luments. It seems that while the Karmakara

(q.v.) belongs to a family, the Bhṛtaka maintains

his independence and works for wages, cf. the

terms grāmabhṛtaka and Bhṛtakabala.
 

 
BHRṚTA-BALA--The mercenary troops. See ŞadṢaḍa-
nga bala.
 

ṅga bala.
 
BHEDA --(1) Sowing of dissensions in the enemy's
side.
 

side.
(2) It is one of the four Upayas or means of
success against the enemy.
 
āyas or means of
success against the enemy.
(3) Kautṭilya describes it to be mainly of two

types, viz. ŞanṢaṅkājananam (creation of confusion

in the minds of the followers of the enemy), and

Nirbhartasana (intimidation of the followers of

the enemy).
 
121
 

Cf. samśaṁkaājananam nirbhartsanamṁ ca bhedaḥ

(AS' II. 10).
 

 
BHOGAKARA--(1) The periodical supplies of

agricultural produce made to the King for his
consumption.
 

consumption.
(2) The term occurs side by side with Bhaga.
āga.
(See Hiranṇya). Hence it is also suggested that

Bhaāga-bhogakara may be a single term meaning

the King's share of agricultural produce.

 
BHOJA --(1) The heads of a Bhaujya (q.v.) type of

republic noticed in the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa

VIII. 14.4
 
4. Cf daksinṇasyāṁ diśi ye ki ye e ca sātvatāṁ rājāno bhaujyāyaiva
tebhiṣicyante bhojetyenānabhiṣike ca sātvatāṁ rājāno bhaujyāyaiva
tebhisicyante bhojetyenanabhişitānācaktānā cakşṣata. See Jayaswal,

Hindu Polity, p. 75 ff. But Jayaswal's interpretation of the term
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN