Political Concepts in Ancient India /139

BHARMAṆYĀ--Maintenance cost given to
woman by her husband. (AS'Ś III. 3).
 
BHĀGA--(1) A tax in the form of a share of the
agricultural produce or any merchandise.
(2) Kauṭilya mentions it as one of the Āyamu-
khas, i.e. as a source of royal income (ASŚ II. 6).
(3) This term is often suffixed to other words,
e.g. Lavaṇa bhāga (King' II. 6).
(3) This term is often suffixed to other words,
e.g. Lavaṇa bhāga (Kings share of the salt
produce).
(4) A business partner's share of the salt
produce).
(4) A business partner's share as presumably in
AS'as presumably in
AŚ II. 35.
(5) In certain places identified with Bali and in
others with Kara and in yet other places with
both. (See Bali and Kara).
(6) A subdivision of a district or a territory.
(D. C. Sircar, Indian Epigraphy, VIII. 5).
(7) Often used with a numerical expression to
indicate the proportion of the produce to be
realised as tax.
Cf. dhānyānām aṣṭamo bhāgaḥ ṣaṣṭho dvādaśa
eva vā (Manu Saṁ. VII. 130)..
Cf. dhānya saḍbhāgaṁ paṇya daśabhāgaṁ hiraṇ-
yaṁ cāsya bhāgadheyaṁ prakalpayāmāsuḥ (AŚ.
I. 13).
(8) = A land tax often mentioned as Bhāgakara.
 
BHĀGADHUK--(1)= Bhāgadugha, one of the
Ratnīs (q.v.) being the officer in charge of
revenue collection.
(2) Samāhartā of Arthaśāstra (I. 6).