2023-03-12 07:14:33 by Krishnendu
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BANDHANĀGĀRA--Jail.
BALI--(1) Originally the term meant only a volun-
tary tribute to gods, as we have it frequently
in the Vedic literature. (cf. Ṛgveda, V. 1. 10)
(2) Later on it came to mean a tax or impost in
the Vedic period itself. The Vaiśyas, engaged
in various productive professions and trades,
were the best tax-payers and hence they were
described as 'payer of tax to others'. A. S. Altekar SGAI, p. 262.
(3) In the Jātaka stories we have the terms
Balisādhaka and Balipātigāhakas in the sense
of tax-collectors, where the word bali means
tax in a general way.
(4) In AS'Ś II. 15 Kauṭilya uses the term in the
sense of an additional imposition (levied in
addition to the usual land-tax, etc.). A. S. Altekar SGAI, p. 263.
(5) Kālidāsa, in Raghuvaṁśa I. 18 uses the term
in the sense of a general tax.
(6) In Manu Saṁ. VIII. 80 the term, as inter-
preted by Medhātithi, seems to be used in the
sense of a tax in the form of one-sixth of the
produce. In this sense we generally anticipate
the term Kara. But in Manu Saṁ VIII. 307
the three terms Bali, Kara and Śulka are used
side by side. Here also Medhātithi explains Bali
as 'one-sixth of paddy etc.' (i.e. agricultural
product), Kara as 'part of other commodities
received by the King' and Śulka as 'customs
duty on merchandise'. balirdhānyādeḥ, ṣaṣṭho bhāgaḥ.
karo dravyādānam. śulkaṁ vanikprāpyabhāgah.
BALI--(1) Originally the term meant only a volun-
tary tribute to gods, as we have it frequently
in the Vedic literature. (cf. Ṛgveda, V. 1. 10)
(2) Later on it came to mean a tax or impost in
the Vedic period itself. The Vaiśyas, engaged
in various productive professions and trades,
were the best tax-payers and hence they were
described as 'payer of tax to others'. A. S. Altekar SGAI, p. 262.
(3) In the Jātaka stories we have the terms
Balisādhaka and Balipātigāhakas in the sense
of tax-collectors, where the word bali means
tax in a general way.
(4) In A
sense of an additional imposition (levied in
addition to the usual land-tax, etc.). A. S. Altekar SGAI, p. 263.
(5) Kālidāsa, in Raghuvaṁśa I. 18 uses the term
in the sense of a general tax.
(6) In Manu Saṁ. VIII. 80 the term, as inter-
preted by Medhātithi, seems to be used in the
sense of a tax in the form of one-sixth of the
produce. In this sense we generally anticipate
the term Kara. But in Manu Saṁ VIII. 307
the three terms Bali, Kara and Śulka are used
side by side. Here also Medhātithi explains Bali
as 'one-sixth of paddy etc.' (i.e. agricultural
product), Kara as 'part of other commodities
received by the King' and Śulka as 'customs
duty on merchandise'. balirdhānyādeḥ, ṣaṣṭho bhāgaḥ.
karo dravyādānam. śulkaṁ vanikprāpyabhāgah.