Political Concepts in Ancient India /134

Political Concepts in Ancient India
 
PRATIBHŪ—A bail or surety or guarantee (AS'

III. 11., Yājňñavalkya II. 10, II. 54).
 
114
 

 
PRADEŞTAṢṬĀ--One of the 18 Mahāmaātras or Tirthas.
īrthas.
(AS' I. 12). This officer is to act as a judge

in criminal cases. (AS' II. 35 and IV. 1 etc.)

 
PRABHĀVA ŠŚAKTI—A King's power arising out

of material wealth and political supremacy. It is

also called prabhusśakti. See Sakti.
 
Śakti.
 
PRABHUSŚAKTI--Same as Prabhāvasśakti (q.v.)

 
PRASŚĀSTĀ--Nom. singular form of Praśāstṛ. The
 

term occurs in the list of 18 Mahāmātras or

Tiīrthas. (AS' I. 12). The term corresponding

to it in the Rāmāyaṇa list of Tiīrthas is Bandhan-
aga
āgāradhikṛta. Hence, this term is presumed to

mean an officer in charge of the jails.

 
PRĀKĀMYA--Authority over (or ownership of)

settle and movable properties. (AS' III. 10).

 
PRĀDḌVIVĀKA --(1) The chief judge and the

King's chief legal adviser.5
 
Basham, The Wonder that was India, p. 100 and P. 116.
(2) The term occurs in the early Smrṛti works of

Gautama, Baudhayana, AĀpastamba etc.
 
Ghoshal, HIPI, p. 56.
(3) Nīlakaṇṭha, commenting on Maāhabharata,
Saārata,
Śānti Parva, 121.46,' gives a very interesting

etymology, that, prāṭ means one who questions,

and vivāka means one who understands the atti-

tude of both the parties involved in a litigation.
 
5. Basham, The Wonder that was India, p. 100 and P. 116.
6. Ghoshal, HIPI, p. 56.
 
7. bhikṣukaḥ prāḍvivākaś ca mauhuūrtā daivacintakāḥ....
8. prcchati ,pṛcchatīti prāṭ. sa căāsau vivākaś ca, vivad amānayor dvayoḥ
 
pravṛttinimittā-vettäā. Cf. also Mitākṣārā on Yājnñavalkya, II. 3.
 
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