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Glossary
 
tyas), the people of the countryside (Janapada)
and the allies (Mitra), from amongst the seven
Prakrtis, known also as the Saptanga. For
the use of the term see AŚ V. 6 and IX. 3
(see also Prakrti).
 
PRAKRTI-SAMKŞEPA-The primary elements
of the state. Rājā (the King) and Rajya
(the Kingdom) are said to be the two primary
elements of the state. Cf. rājā rājyam iti pra-
krtisamkşepah (AS VIII. 2).
 
113
 
PRAKRTYAMITRA—(1) One of the three varie-
ties of enemy (Amitra-Satru-Ari).
 
(2) Natural enemy. The immediate neigh-
bouring States (bhūmyyanantara) in the rear
and in the front of the Vijīgiṣu are natural
enemies (see Ari).
 
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PRAJŇĀ GUŅAS-A King's qualities of wisdom.
Kautilya names them as Susrūṣā (desire to listen
to sāstras), Sravana (understanding of the wor-
ds), Grahana (understanding of the meanings),
Dharana (retention of what is learnt), Vijñāna
(conception of particular subjects), Uha (argu-
ment for a better understanding of any subject),
Apoha (rejection of the faulty interpretation),
Tattvabhinivesa (absorption in the essential
meaning). (AS' VI. 1).
 
PRATIKROŚA-Higher bidding in an auction.
(AS' III. 8).
 
PRATIKROȘTA-The higher bidder in an auction
 
(AŚ III. 8).
 
4. Shamasastry. AS Trans. p. 352.
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN