Political Concepts in Ancient India /133

Glossary
 
tyas), the people of the countryside (Janapada)

and the allies (Mitra), from amongst the seven

Prakrṛtis, known also as the Saptanāṅga. For

the use of the term see AŚ V. 6 and IX. 3

(see also Prakrti).
 
ṛti).
 
PRAKRṚTI-SAMṀKŞṢEPA--The primary elements
of the state
of the state. Shamasastry. AŚ Trans. p. 352. Rājā (the King) and Raājya

(the Kingdom) are said to be the two primary

elements of the state. Cf. rājā rājyam iti pra-

krtisamṛtisaṁkşepah (ASṣepah (AŚ VIII. 2).
 
113
 

 
PRAKRṚTYAMITRA—(1) One of the three varie-
ties of enemy (Amitra-
ties of enemy (Amitra=Śatru=Ari).
(2) =Natural enemy. The immediate neigh-
bouring Satru-Ari).
 
(2) Natural enemy. The immediate neigh-
tates (bouring States (bhūmyyanantara) in the rear

and in the front of the Vijīgiṣu are natural
enemies (see Ari).
 
-
 

enemies (see Ari).
 
PRAJŇÑĀ GUŅṆAS--A King's qualities of wisdom.

Kautilya names them as Susṭilya names them as Śuśrūṣā (desire to listen

to sāstras), Sravana (understanding of the wor-

ds), Grahana (understanding of the meanings),

Dharanāraṇa (retention of what is learnt), Vijñāna

(conception of particular subjects), Uha (argu-

ment for a better understanding of any subject),

Apoha (rejection of the faulty interpretation),

Tattvaābhinivesśa (absorption in the essential

meaning). (AS' VI. 1).
 

 
PRATIKROŚA--Higher bidding in an auction.

(AS' III. 8).
 

 
PRATIKROȘṢṬĀ--TA-The higher bidder in an auction
 

(AŚ III. 8).
 
4. Shamasastry. AS Trans. p. 352.
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN