Political Concepts in Ancient India /130

Political Concepts in Ancient India
PAUTAVAĀDHYAKSAṢA--The Controller of weights

and measures. (AS' II. 19). This officer was

required to supervise the making of the measur-

ing instruments (Pautava) and to ensure the
preciseness of the instruments.
 

preciseness of the instruments.
 
PAUNARBHAVA --(1) The son of a woman from

her first husband, if already born in time of her

marriage with another, becomes a Paunarbhava

son to the second husband. Cf. punarbhūtāyāḥ

paunarbhava (AS III. 7). Cf. also Manu Samṁ,
(AŚ
 

III. 155.
 
110
 

(2) In Manu Samṁ, IX. 176 the second husband

of a woman is called Paunarbhava.
 

 
PAURA(S)--The citizens belonging to the cities

and presumably to the enlightened society, as

opposed to Jaānapadas, the rural folk.³
 
Vide, Satkari Mookerjee, 'Political Wisdom of Ancient India,' Journal of the Bihar Research Society, XXXXV. parts
1-IV. December, 1959.
 
PAURAVYĀVAHĀRIKA—A
 
hear cases in the cities.
judge appointed to
hear cases in the cities. His salary is fixed at
12000 Panṇas annually.
 
(AS' V. 3).
 
PRAKĀŚA YUDDHA--An open fight between

two parties in an appointed place and time.
 
judge appointed to
His salary is fixed at
(AS' V. 3).
 

Cf. prakāśayuddham nirdişto desṁ nirdiṣṭo deśekaāle ca vibhra-

maḥ (AS' VII. 6 verse 8).
 

 
PRAKRṚTI --(1) The term is often used in plural

as PRAKRṚTAYAH. This term has various

meanings as follows.
 

(2) Subjects (of a king) as in SŚakuntalā 7.35.³
 
2. Vide, Satkari Mookerjee, 'Political Wisdom of Ancient
India,' Journal of the Bihar Research Society, XXXXV. parts
1-IV. December, 1959.
 
3. pravartātamṁ prākrtihitāya pārthivaḥ
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN