Political Concepts in Ancient India /127

Glossary
 
PALĀGALA--(1) One of the eleven Ratnins (q.v.)

(2) As such the term means either 'the royal
courier"
courier' or the King's bosom companion corres-

ponding to the Vidūşṣaka (the royal jester) of
later times.¹
 

later times. Jayaswal, Hindu Polity, p. 107
 
96. "His uniform was a red
turban and leather quivers", says Jayaswal. From this the
meaning as "royal courier" seems to be more reasonable.
Altekar, SGAI, p. 162.
 
PĀŞAŅṢAṆDA ---(1) The followers of the sects and reli-

gions other than the orthodox Hindu religion.

(AS' III. 16). Cf. Manu Samṁ, IX. 225.
 

(2) =Pakhaṇḍa (cf. Malatīmādhava, V. 24).

 
PIDĪḌANIĪYA--One of the four varieties of enemy,

the other three varieties being Yaātavya, Ucched-
ani
anīya and Karśanīya. Contrary to the condi-

tions under which an enemy is reckoned as

Ucchedaniīya, if the enemy is endowed with

shelter (i.e., a fort and an ally) and stronger

shelter, he is to be reckoned as Pidaniya, i.e.,
īḍanīya, i.e.,
fit to be troubled by reducing his arms.
 

Cf. viparyaye pidaniīdanīyaḥ karśanīyo vā. (AS' VI.

2).
 

 
PUTRIKĀPUTRA—(1) A daughter's son, who by

agreement becomes the son of the father, who is

otherwise son-less. (Manu Samṁ. IX. 127).

(2) Kautṭilya considers a Putrikāputra to be as

good as an Aurasaputra.
 

Cf. tena tulyaḥ putrikāputraḥ (AS' III. 7).

(3) Also called Putrikasuta.
 
āsuta.
 
PURAPĀLA --(1) A city governor. He was also

responsible for the cleanliness of the streets and
 
9. Jayaswal, Hindu Polity, p. 196. "His uniform was a red
turban and leather quivers", says Jayaswal. From this the
meaning as "royal courier" seems to be more reasonable.
1. Altekar, SGAI, p. 162.
 
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