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Political Concepts in Ancient India
 
King) like that of the Paramesthi, who is des-
cribed to be Prajāpatya (or Prājāpatisambandhi),
as explained by Sāyaṇa.
 
PĀRĀŠAVA (1) Son of a Brāhmaṇa from a
Sudra woman.
 
(2) Nişāda. (AS' III. 6, III. 7, etc.)
PARVATA DURGA—(1) Hill Fort (vide AS' II. 3).
(2) Giri-Durga of Mbh. Santi 86.5 and Manu
 
Sam. VII. 70 etc.
 
PĀRṢNIGRĀHA-(1) One of the Kings forming
the circle of allies and enemies in the Mandala
Theory.
 
(2) An enemy in the rear. When the Aggressor
(Vijīgiṣu), the central figure in the Mandala
(q.v.) starts in a military expedition, this king,
with his territory lying immediately adjacent
to that of the Aggressor, attacks the latter from
behind. (AS' VI. 2).³
 
=
 
PĀRSŅIGRĀHASARA (1) One the Kings for-
ming the circle of allies and enemies according
to the Mandala Theory.
 
(2) This King stands fourth to the Aggressor,
Vijīgiṣu (q.v.), the central figure in the circle,
from behind.
 
(3) This King is separated from the Pārṣṇigrāha
(q.v.) by the Akranda (q.v.) and he plays the
role of an ally to the Pārṣṇigrāha and of an
enemy to the Vijigisu (AS' VI. 2).
 
8. Cf. Vijigisorarim prati niryātasya yaḥ prsthavarti nrpati
deśākramaṇā-dyācarati sa pārṣṇigrāhaḥ. (Kulluka's com. on
Manu Sam. VII. 207).
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN