Political Concepts in Ancient India /126

King) like that of the Parameṣṭhī, who is des-
cribed to be Prājāpatya (or Prājāpatisambandhī),
as explained by Sāyaṇa.
 
PĀRĀŚAVA--(1) Son of a Brāhmaṇa from a
Śūdra woman.
(2) =Niṣāda. (AS'Ś III. 6, III. 7, etc.)
 
PARVATA DURGA—(1) Hill Fort (vide AS'Ś II. 3).
(2) =Giri-Durga of Mbh. Śānti 86.5 and Manu
Saṁ. VII. 70 etc.
 
PĀRṢNIGRĀHA--(1) One of the Kings forming
the circle of allies and enemies in the Maṇḍala
Theory.
(2) An enemy in the rear. When the Aggressor
(Vijīgiṣu), the central figure in the Maṇḍala
(q.v.) starts in a military expedition, this king,
with his territory lying immediately adjacent
to that of the Aggressor, attacks the latter from
behind. (AS'Ś VI. 2). Cf. Vijīgiṣorariṁ prati niryātasya yaḥ pṛṣṭhavartī nṛpati
deśākramaṇā-dyācarati sa pārṣṇigrāhaḥ. (Kulluka's com. on
Manu Saṁ. VII. 207).
 
PĀRṢṆIGRĀHĀSĀRA--(1) One the Kings for-
ming the circle of allies and enemies according
to the Maṇḍala Theory.
(2) This King stands fourth to the Aggressor,
Vijīgiṣu (q.v.), the central figure in the circle,
from behind.
(3) This King is separated from the Pārṣṇigrāha
(q.v.) by the Ākranda (q.v.) and he plays the
role of an ally to the Pārṣṇigrāha and of an
enemy to the Vijīgiṣu (AS'Ś VI. 2).