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102
 
Political Concepts in Ancient India
 
(2) Capital invested in some business (vide AŚ
III. 20).
 
NR-DURGA-See Manuşya Durga.
NRPA-ŚĀSTRA-The science of politics.
NYAYAKARANIKA-The officer responsible for
settling disputes regarding a gift land. (vide
Nidhanpur C. P. Grant of Bhāskaravarma).
 
PA
 
PAKŞA (1) Usually given in duel number as
PAKŞAU.
 
(2) =The frontal two parts of a mass of army
which is recommended to be divided into frontal
two parts, hinder two parts and a middle part.
(See Mandala, Urasya, Kakṣa and cf. AS X.
5, X. 6, etc.).
 
PAÑCAGRĀMI-(1) A cluster of five villages (48
II. 5).
 
(2) An officer (i.e., a Gopa) in charge of five villa-
ges. (AS IV. 13).
 
PANCAMAHĀVĀDYA-See
 
(1).
 
PAÑCAMAHĀŠABDA—(1)
 
The five types of mu-
sical instruments which were used to greet some
higher officials indicating their higher status.
The five musical instruments were Śringa or
trumpet, tammata or tabour, sankha or conch-
shell used as a horn, bherī or kettledrum and
jayaghaṇṭā or gong.¹ This meaning of the term
 
Pancasmaha-sabda,
 
1. K. B. Pathak, Indian Antiquary, Vol. XII, p. 95 f.
 
f,
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN