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Political Concepts in Ancient India
 
yaṇa, II. 100.25 and Śukranītisāra,¹ refers to a
refers to a
Minister of Diplomacy. kaccijjanapado vidvān dakṣiṇaḥ pratibhānavān yathoktavādī
dūtaste kṛto bharata paṇḍitaḥ. Possibly Jayaswal has Śukranītisāra,
It is further pointed
out by
I. 87 in mind, which reads as follows--
ingitākāraceṣṭajñaḥ śrutimān deśa-kālavit
ṣāḍguṇyamantravidvāgmī vītabhīrudūa iṣyate.
Jayaswal, Hindu Polity, p. 285. It is further pointed
out by Jayaswal
that in Gupta times, the term

Saāndhivigrahika came to be used in place of

the term Dūta in the sense of a Minister of Diplo-

macy, for making a distinction between the

Minister of Diplomacy from the Ambassador.³
Jayaswal. Ibid, p. 307.
(4) A careful examination of the quotations

given here should show that the term means

either a simple messenger or, at best, an ambassa-

dor but not a Mantri or Minister at all. Rāmā-
yan

yaṇ
a clearly says that the Dūta should deliver

the message as it is (yathoktavādī), We need not

probably equate Dūta with the Saāndhivigrahika,

because of the latter term's similarity with

Manu's words dute sandhi viparyayau. Manu
possibly means to say that treaty or conflict

possibly means to say that treaty or conflict
depend on the proper delivery of the message or
proper diplo matic activities of the ambassador.

proper diplo matic activities of the ambassador.
(5) According to Amara, Dūta is simply a
'a
carrier of the message'.
 
syāt sandeśaharo dūtaḥ (Amara, Kṣatriya varga).
 
DURGA—(1) A fort.5
 
92
 
9. kaccijjanapado vidvan dakṣiṇaḥ pratibhānavān yathoktavādī
dutaste krto bharata panditaḥ
 
1. Possibly Jayaswal has
Cf. T. V. Mahalingam, Administration and Sukranitisāra, II. 87 in mind, which
reads as follows-
ingitākāraceṣṭajñaḥ śrutiman deba-kalavit
şāḍgunyamantravidvāgmī vītabhirudua işyate.
 
2. Jayaswal, Hindu Polity, p. 285.
 
3. Jayaswal. Ibid, p. 307.
 
4. syāt sandesaharo dutaḥ (Amara, Ksatriya varga).
 
5. Cf. T. V. Mahalingam, Administration and S
ocial Life

under Vijayanagara (Index).
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN