Political Concepts in Ancient India /105

Glossary
 
(4) According to Nītivākyāmṛta (ch. II) of Soma-

deva Suri, Tiīrthas are the judicial and the exe-

cutive officers.¹
 
85
 
dharmasamavāyinah kāryasamavāyinaśca puruṣāḥ tīrtham.
(5) Rāmāyaṇa (II. 100.36) mentions the term

Tiīrtha and mentions the number of Tirthas to
īrthas to
be eighteen.³
 
kaccidaṣṭādasānyeṣu svapakṣe das'a panca ca tribhistribhi-
ravijnātairvetsitīrthāni cāraṇaih
(6) The Tilaka com. on Rāmāyaṇa mentions the

following officers as Tīrthas : Mantriī, Purohita,

Yuvarāja, Senaāpati, Dauväārika, Antaḥpurā-

dhikṛta, Bandhanāgārādhikṛta, Dhanaādhyakṣa,

Raājaājña-vakta, Prāḍvivāka ( = Vyavahārapraṣṭā)

Dharmāsanādhikṛta Vyavhāranirṇetīā (=Sabhya),

Senābhṛtidānādhyakṣṣa, Karmante vetaṇagrāhiṇaḥ,

Nagaradhyaksṣa, Rastṭrantapala (AĀtavika), Danṇ-
danadhikari
ḍaṇādhikārī and Durgapala.
 
-
 
āla.
(7) Kautṭilya uses the term Mahāmātra also for

Tiīrtha, for he also gives a list of 18 Mahāmātrass

and the same is identical with the list given

by the Tilaka com., and a little later in the
 
The 1. dharmasamavāyinah kāryasamavāyinaśca puruşāḥ tirtham.
8 Mahāmātras are enumerated by Kauṭilya in AŚ. I.12. kaccida, and they are viz. Mantrī, Purohita, Senāpati, Yuvarāja,
Dauvarika, Antarvamsika, Pras'āṣṭādasānyeşu svapakṣe das'a panca ca tribhistribh, Samāhartā, Sannidhātā,
Pradeṣṭā, Nāgarika, Pauravyavahārika, Kārmāntika, Mantri-
ravijnātairvetsitīrthāni cāraṇaih
 
3. The 18 Mahāmatras are enumerated by Kauțilya in AS.
I. 12, and they are viz. Mantri, Purohita, Senāpati, Yuvarāja,
Dauvarika, Antarvamsika, Pras'āṣṭā, Samā hartā, Sannidhātā,
Pradeştā, Nagarika, Pauravyavahārika, Kärmäntika, Mantri-
parişadadhyakş
pariṣadadhyakṣa, Daṇḍapāla, Durgapāla, Antapāla and AĀṭavika.

(According to a variant reading we should read Naāyaka for

Nāgarika).
 
4. Soee under MAHĀMĀTRA.
 

Tilaka com. quotes a verse from some Lexicon, according

to which the word tiīrtha, besides other meanings, also has the

meaning as the group of 18 beginning with mantrī : yonau jala-

vatāre ca mantryadyāṣṭādas'avapi punyakşṇyakṣetre tathā pātre tirthaṁ
sya
syād dars'aneşvapi.
 
Digitized by
 
Google
 
Original from
 
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
 
ṣvapi.