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Political Concepts in Ancient India
 
(3) This term means the 'subjects' in Śatapathá
Brāhmaṇa, XIV. 5.1.20.⁹
 
TAKŞĀ (1) One of the Ratnins (q.v.) named in
the Maitrayani Samhita (i.e. the Maitrāyaṇī
edn. of the Yajurveda).
 
ΤΑ
 
(2) The plain meaning is 'carpenter'. In order
to be one of the Ratnins, the Takṣa must have
been the 'chief royal carpenter'.
 
(3) Takṣā is also the name of the architect of
the gods. (Apte, p. 227). Hence, it is more
the chief royal
 
likely that the Taksā was
 
carpenter cum state architect in chief.
 
TĀPASA VYAŇJANA—A spy or secret agent in
the guise of a mendicant (AS' I. 16).
 
TĪKŞŅA-An extremely courageous secret agent
who would never care for his life. Kautilya
describes that for the gain of money the Tikṣṇas
would fight even with an elephant or a snake.
 
Cf. ye janapade śūrāstyaktāmāno hastinaṁ vyālaṁ
va dravyahetoḥ pratiyodhayeyuste tiksṣṇaḥ (AS'
I. 12).
 
TIRTHA (1) Minister.
 
(2) Head of an administrative department.
(3) There used to be 18 Tirthas in any adminis-
trative set up.
 
9. Vedic Index, Vol. I, p. 273.
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN