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(3) The territory of a state.
(4) The country as against the city (i.e., Pura or
Nagara or Durga). K. P. Jayaswal, Hindu Polity, p. 230.
(5) In AŚ. II. 1, Kauṭilya discusses colonisation
of the countryside (Janapada).
(6) In AS. VI. 1, he discusses the marks of a
good rural area (Janapada sampat) and in AŚ.
VIII. 1, he discusses the calamities of the rural
area (Janapada Vyasana).
(7) According to K. P. Jayaswal the term had
been used in the more ancient sources in the sense
of a 'political community' (HP. p. 31) or a
'political nation' (HP. p. 43). But these mean-
ings are controversial.
(8) Village as opposed to the town (Pura). We have the term Janapadavadhū (Meghadūta, I. 16) in the sense of rural women.
(9) One of the seven constituent elements (sapt-
āṅga or saptāprakṛti) of the state.
(10) In the Brāhmaṇas this term denotes both
'people' as opposed to the king and the 'land'
or 'realm'. Vedic Index, Vol. I, p. 273.
 
JANAPADA DHARMA--(1) The term occurs in
Manu Saṁ. VIII. 41.
(2)=Deśadharma as it occurs in Manu Saṁ. I.
118.
(3) The term plainly means the 'customs of the
province concerned', which should be taken Altekar, SGAI, p. 149.